macular degeneration, macular, diagnosis Regillo – My Macular Degeneration Journey/Journal

Filling the Pumps

At approximately 15:45 hours yesterday, the body of a dark-colored field mouse was observed at the bottom of the pool. It appeared to be death by misadventure. However, when this technician attempted to remove the body from the scene, she was jumped upon by Etta Puppygirl, of this address. Ms. Puppygirl hit this technician squarely in the back, and she pitched forward into the water. While the evidence at the scene suggested accidental drowning, should other evidence come to light, Ms. Puppygirl should be further investigated.

Jeez. Do other CSIs go through this?

Ok. Enough of the nonsense. Sometimes I just cannot help myself. 🙂

And in the real, official news…Retina Today interviewed Carl Regillo about the ranibizumab port delivery system. It appears the RPDS is placed in the sclera. It is situated in the conjunctiva, the mucus membrane that covers the front of the eye. Where in the conjunctiva? It is placed in the pars plans (literally the “flat part” of the eye.) The pars plana is located near the junction between the sclera and the iris. That is the white part and the colored part. While the reservoir is initially implanted in the operating room, sutures are not required and it can be refilled on an outpatient basis.

Results of phase 2 clinical trial should be out very soon. The name of the study is LADDER.

While the RPDS system is the popular guy on the block now, reading this article, I found out it has competition! Replenish has invented a system called the Ophthalmic MicroPump System. This device sits on top of the sclera – not sure how that would work for me – but it is programmable. That part is cool.

Neurotech Pharmaceuticals has been working on Encapsulated Cell Therapy. This device will contain genetically engineered cells that will actually produce the substances needed to keep things working well. In other words, there would be no reason to refill the device. Put really basically, the other devices are filled with eggs. This device is filled with chickens that produce all the eggs needed.

As of the writing of this article, Neurotech Pharma was having a few problems producing the perfect “chicken.” That does not, however, mean they have given up.

And speaking of weird science and Carl Regillo, Healio reported Regillo will be heading up the only American feasibility study for the Alpha AMS Sub-retinal device.

This device is not for us. It is for retinitis pigmentosa patients who are blind. The Alpha replaces the missing and nonfunctional photoreceptors and apparently interfaces directly with the visual part of the central nervous system.

I found a 2013 article in MIT Technology Review that compares the Alpha to the Argus, the original artificial retina system we discussed. It appears the Alpha requires no external hardware while the Argus uses a camera mounted on glasses. The Argus surgery is three hours while the Alpha surgery can be up to 10 hours. Vision produced by either system is not great, but remember something can be better than nothing.

So that is that. No more drown mice today so I am hypothesizing we do not have a serial killer in the house. I would like a way to know which Puppygirl chewed on the furniture, though. Perhaps I need a consultation! Anyone know a forensic dentist?

Written August 5th, 2018

Next: Coming Out

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My New Career?

Not to belabor a point, but today did start as a rather poopy day. We had our first snow overnight. Just a couple of inches but it was the puppygirls’ first snow. My theory is this: when they went out and squatted to poop, they got cold, wet bottoms. Go inside and poop? No cold, wet bottom. Problem solved!

Of course, since my husband was first on scene and got to clean it up, he was NOT a happy camper. Not a good start to the day.

Then there was the snow itself. Getting to my eye appointment is a 90 mile trip one way. My husband does not like city driving and he does not like driving in the snow. Once more he was not a happy camper.

It is hard to explain to some people why we have been dutifully driving 90 miles one way, every six months just to be told my eyes are worse. “Please pay your copay.” For those kind of results, I could go five miles down the road!

However, it is all part of a master plan. I have real problems with defeat. Real problem being told there is no answer. If you cannot supply me with an answer, I will find someone who can!

So here I am, running to see Regillo every six months for the past two years….and I think I am getting closer!

First the good news/bad news. Or, in this case, bad news/good news. Although I find it hard to believe, I have fallen down below 20/400 acuity. Bizarre because I don’t feel blind and don’t think I function as a blind woman.. After all, I got the “you don’t look blind!” routine just last month.

However, the good news on that is my vision is now so bad, I can satisfy the truly awful vision requirement for the Astellas’ study that is supposed to launch in March! Regillo referred me again. Is this time four or time five? I have sincerely lost count. [Lin/Linda: I put the details to that study in Sue’s page The Waiting Game.]

He has also put me on the list for APL-2 which is supposed to go into phase 3 clinicals sometime in 2018. He started to offer me “something else” when we were talking about lamp stuff (which is apparently very dead in the water) and I surprised him by knowing exactly where he was going. Working on being memorable. I want my name at the top of the list. [Lin/Linda: Sue wrote about APL-2 in her page My Friend in Manila?]

Also thinking I may be getting closer because I got a new test today. They ran me on the autofluorescence test. This test uses a very bright light. When the image is examined, the areas of the macula that are already dead are black and the areas that are in distress shine. My eye probably lit up like a Christmas tree. If that gets me into a study and gets this stuff stopped? Good.

So, that is where we are. I got a new test. I chose to be hopeful it means they want more information for my new career as a lab rat! Regillo generally seemed positive. Maybe I will be going to Philadelphia.

Written Dec. 14th, 2017 Continue reading “My New Career?”

Resistance Is Futile

Sometimes I think it is a sin ‘mature’ folks – those of us of a certain age, as it were – have to jump through all the government, medical and otherwise hoops we have to jump through and other times I believe it is only the older people who have developed enough social skills and understanding to actually navigate this mess!

Case in point, the transit company had me going to school instead of the office today. The scheduler argued I had told her wrong. There was no way to prove who said what, so I just capitulated. I am not fighting a “he said – she said” battle at 6 am. Never had these problems when I drove myself! May have tried fighting with her when I was younger.

Now I take a page from the Borg – you Star Trek fans remember “Resistance is futile”. Better to hunker down and prepare for the next time.

I also continue to navigate the straits and narrows of the research organization. Having no pilot to tell me where the sand bars are, I have been pretty uneasy about getting hung up by some wrong move or wrong word.

After my friend accused me of lack of motivation, she made me promise to try calling the pharmaceutical company and see if they could shed some light on this. Fat chance. I get so tired of being given the bum’s rush by receptionist types! I am not a bum!

Since the receptionist chickie (sounded about 22) kept saying I should talk to the research facility people, I decided to set up another appointment with Regillo. This will be #3, guys.

Stubbornness can be a virtue. When it is, it uses the pseudonym persistence. I guess Someone decided to reward me because after chatting amiably with the (older than a chickie) receptionist there, I got transferred to a researcher at a different facility.

According to this lovely lady, the second study has run the first batch of subjects and is now monitoring them. The second batch goes in the early Spring. Asked who decides who gets into that second batch, she threw Regillo under the bus – metaphorically speaking, of course. My target will have to be Regillo. He is my gatekeeper.

Target identified. Phasers locked on. I now need to convince the man to move me up the list. Sigh. Never knew this lab rat business could be such hard work. And I am not even in the study yet!

A couple of secondary gains were these: I asked the researcher at the other facility to remember me if she does any dry AMD work (doing wet now) and she put the conversation in my record. A couple of hours later I got an email with an ‘official’ update. Maybe showing interest in another researcher was a good plan? Make whom you are really interested in a little less complacent?

So that is the update. Regillo in two weeks. I am thinking this may be my second level job interview. Wish me luck!

Continue reading “Resistance Is Futile”

Opening a Window

I am hoping that when God closes a door he opens a window.

After finding out the researcher I had been dealing with had left, I called the institution and sort of felt I got the bum’s rush: don’t call us; we will call you. Research to start in a few months. Oh, yeah?

Thank goodness I am the persistent sort. (Who? Me?) I was not feeling quite right about the situation and called again today. I talked to a lovely young lady who informed me everything with the stem cell research has sort of fallen apart! ‘Reworking’ the stem cell line apparently did not mean just changing a few small things. It meant changing the entire protocol!

Changing the entire protocol is essentially going back to step 1. The staff needs to be trained in the new standard procedure. Then the research goes back to pre-clinical trials. That means they are back to real rats for lab rats! Clinical trials, those that use rats who stand on two legs, won’t start for over a year, maybe two. Yippee skippee.

Since I know we are all highly responsive and adaptable people, I am sure you would have done what I did. Precisely? Bitch about being given the wrong info and start looking for plan B. Going blind here. We need to move a lot faster than this. What else is available?

Turns out they have a study in progress. It does pay to inquire; doesn’t it? The study is also phase 2. Remember phase 2 is one step above safety and tolerability. That is the stage in which they see if you will survive and, if you do, will anything really weird or harmful happen to you. Stage 2 measures if anything actually happens with the treatment. Is there a discernible effect?

This study uses adult stem cells. There is a nice blurb on the phase 1 trials that Lin found for me. It is through the Macular Degeneration Partnership and is titled Adult Stem Cell Therapy for Dry AMD. The 33 people they used in phase 1 had some very nice results.

I asked the research staff to see if Regillo would refer me for this study. I got my answer less than five minutes later. Either he does not remember me at all and is just collecting warm bodies or I made an impression ?.

Be that as it may be, I got the ‘informed consent’ packet so I can read exactly what the protocol for this study is. Find out what I need to know.

I am hoping things move quickly. I have been waiting for some movement for over a year now and the longer I wait, the worse my vision becomes. You folks know how that goes.

So, hoping for a window to open soon. Even if it’s an attic window. I will find a ladder! Time to get moving on this treatment thing. Continue reading “Opening a Window”

The $64,000 Question

I ran into one of my DBT students today while I was at work. He asked me what in  ‘olden times’ would have been the $64,000 question: “When are you getting into that study?” Excellent question! I would like to know the answer to that one, too. After all, I have been referred twice – count them, twice! – and I have been waiting seven months.

Did I tell you Regillo had said the hold-up was at the corporate level? He said that the stem cell company, Ocata, had been bought out. Sorry if I forgot to say that.

Anyway, since I had a little time I decided to do a little investigation. I love my iPad. In some ways, it is the world at your fingertips. After I typed in ‘Ocata acquired’ I got a number of hits. The earliest one was early November 2015. It appeared that somebody named Yoshihiko Hatanaka of the Astellas Pharma corporation was talking to Ocata President and CEO, Paul Wotton, about a buyout. Ocata was described as a biotechnology corporation developing new regenerative medicine treatments to address unmet medical needs. Unmet medical need? I think they are talking about me!

Another article from the next day reported Astellas had purchased Ocata for $379,000,000 CASH on the barrelhead. (I told some people to invest in Ocata. It looks as if I was right!)

Astellas’ American subsidiary, Laurel Acquisitions was supposed to go out and buy back shares of Ocata from private shareholders in the company. This was the only way the deal could go through. A little research let me know that buying up the stock from private stockholders is called ‘tender’. Learn something new every day.

Apparently, the buyback required a time extension and was not completed until the beginning of February 2016. At that time the merger was accomplished.

I have not found any mention of what is happening with Ocata/Astellas since the end of February. My search did not turn up anything for March at all. Maybe they are just lying low and changing the name on the stationery or something.

Do I understand the corporate world? Absolutely not. Some of what I read said this was great for Ocata because the merger gave them a good financial base. Pfizer is supposed to be coming on strong and the capital Ocata now has access to will help them stay competitive. Good for them.

Good  for me? I have no clue. Maybe Wills will call next week. “Study is ready to go!” Maybe it will be years. Who has years when you have a degenerative condition? In a bit of a hurry here!

Although I am not terminally naive – I pretty much know that money makes the world go ‘round – I find this all discouraging. Good people doing good work are being held up while someone else plays Monopoly.  Maybe not totally fair but that is how it looks from my perspective.

Probably should call ‘my’ researcher in Philly and find out what the word they are hearing is. See what else is happening at Wills. Who knows? Maybe Pfizer needs a good lab rat!

Written March 2016.  Reviewed September 2018.

Continue reading “The $64,000 Question”

Crazy Like a Fox

The day comes for me to go to my second appointment with Regillo. I ‘dress for success’ for these appointments. Some people may think putting on a professional-looking skirt and pantyhose and doing my makeup for a doctor’s appointment is a little crazy, but I think of myself as being crazy like a fox.

I ‘dress for success’ for the appointment with Regillo. Some say I’m crazy but I think of myself as crazy like a fox.

I can be a manipulative little thing when I want to be. People think of manipulation as a bad thing. It has gotten a bad name because people think that manipulation is always for the agent’s own gain and always hurts the person who he (or she) is trying to manipulate. That is far from the truth. There is something called  ‘positive manipulation’. Your mother used it on your when she told you “here comes the train! Open the tunnel!” so that you would eat your smashed peas. You have used it yourself. We just don’t like to admit it because manipulative has been paired with words like evil and conniving in our culture. Every one of us is manipulative. Some of us do it with finesse and some are heavy-handed. It is simply a matter of style…and training.

DBT Interpersonal Effectiveness Skills teach us that as long as you are not hurting others, not being dishonest, etc, using finesse and certain strategies is perfectly acceptable to try to get what you want. The goal of interpersonal effective is getting someone to do something for you and that person feeling good about having done it.  Win-win. And yes, it is positive – gasp – manipulation.

As long as you are not being dishonest or hurting the other person, manipulation is a perfectly acceptable skill according to DBT.

Another reason I dress up is related – sort of – to the IMPROVE (another acronym) the Moment Skills of DBT Distress Tolerance. I am trying to improve the way I think of myself and the situation. Putting on ‘good’ clothes reminds me I am a professional and have a few strong points. The saying is “clothes make the man”. They also make the woman.

“Clothes make the man” and the women. I’m reminding myself that I am a professional and a few strong points.

So, I dress for success because whether anyone else realizes it or not, this appointment is a job interview. I am interviewing, once again, for the job of lab rat.

I have been anxious about this appointment for days. I am not sure what the decline in my vision will mean –am I no longer qualified for the study?

After the usual round of screenings by technicians, I finally rotate around to the man himself. Regillo confirms there has been significant cell atrophy – read ‘wasting and death’ – since I last saw him in August. He calms my fears that I may have done this to myself. No, this was a natural progression of the disease. No external factors such as sunlight reflected off of the snow or my high blood pressure would have caused this to happen. This is good. I can now at least get rid of one concern. I have been declared not guilty.

Regillo calms my fears that I may have done this to myself. I have been declared not guilty.

Just the same, I still have the worry about the study. Will I still qualify? The study is for those with dry macular degeneration only and this rapid loss of vision suggests I may be developing wet AMD.

Regillo runs an IV and puts beta carotene in my veins. I daresay this is the first time I have ever mainlined ‘carrot juice’! Beta carotene is mostly Vitamin A and your eyes lap it up. By watching where the ‘carrot juice’ goes in your eyes and comparing old imagines with new ones, the technicians and doctor can see if my eyes have been creating new veins.

I daresay this is the first time I have ever mainlined ‘carrot juice’! It’s beta carotene & helps the doctor compare old images with new ones.

Thank God. There are no new veins in either of my eyes. I still fit diagnostic criteria for dry AMD and therefore the criteria for the study.

Regillo suggests I refer myself for low vision therapy – already done – and AGAIN referred me to the study. He suggested that he might be seeing me ‘downtown’. I replied he would definitely be seeing me downtown. Regillo just smiled. Or at least I think he did. Do you think I was too confident?

Regillo just smiled. Or at least I think he did. I still qualified for the study and I am confident I will be in it.

Written in March 2016. Reviewed September 2018.

Continue reading “Crazy Like a Fox”

Out To Lunch

So here I am in a holding pattern. Some of these things are like the Army. My father used to say his experience in the Army during WWII was a series of hurry-up-and-wait experiences. I find that true of all bureaucracies.

So, I am waiting to see Regillo again, Rock Star of Retinas and Wizard of Wills. I am waiting for my referrals for services to come through so I can get started on returning to a life that looks like the one I just lost and is “a life worth living” (a DBT Goal Definition depending upon whose life it is). Did I mention I have no, zero, nada, none patience?

I’m in a holding pattern. Did I mention I have no, zero, nada, none patience?

Here I want to send out kudos to people. Just people in general, although there are also some special people in the mix, too. I is a psychologist: I is. I get a kick out of people.  I love their strengths and their foibles (especially their foibles) and their warmth. I know a lot of people and, hard to believe, some of them actually like me. In the last month I would not have gotten along without my ‘peeps’ (or is that only the spelling for chickens?). Not only did Lin and Dave embrace this work of therapy and do most of the work to make it a reality, other people in my life have come through for me big time. My husband has been ‘driving Miss Susie’ all over God’s green acre, class members have been giving me rides to my exercise programs and people have been inviting me to activities. You know who you are and I thank you.

Thank you to all who have been driving me, inviting me, helping me. You know who you are.

I have become the ‘out to lunch lady’. OK, those of you who know me know I have always been a bit ‘out to lunch’, but these times I am actually eating. People are taking me to lunch and getting me OUT.  One of the DBT Distress Tolerance Skills is ACCEPTS (another acronym I’ll explain). The A is for activities.  A lot of time to sit around and think about everything that is going wrong is not good for anyone. Getting out and about and – for even just an hour – forgetting that all hell is breaking loose in your life is great therapy.

ACCEPTS is a DBT Distress Tolerance Skill.  A is for Activities.  I go out to lunch, a lot! And other activities, too.

I have been working hard to maintain my exercise class schedule. I have begged and cajoled and pleaded for rides – often without the necessity for all of those dramatics – and I have volunteers who will take me. I have been to a concert and gone to play in the park. And, yes, I have been out to lunch, a lot!

Acute crisis (is that redundant?) or long-term adjustment to a truly crappy turn of events, the purpose of the Distress Tolerance Skills are just to get you through. They may not be pretty. They may not be elegant and they sure will not solve the problem but they get you through without doing any more harm.

More harm. A lot of what we do in lousy situations does more harm. The obvious ones are things such as abusing substances and beating up on the people we should be reaching out to. The less obvious ones include NOT accepting that things have really gone wrong and somehow you have to deal.

A lot of what we do in lousy situations does more harm. The less obvious ones include NOT accepting that things have really gone wrong and somehow you have to deal.

There are some cute little sayings in DBT that are easy to remember. One of them is “what we resist, persists.”  Another one is “acceptance does not mean approval”.  You don’t have to approve of a turn of events in order to accept that it happened. Trust me. I am very disapproving of what has happened to my vision.  However, if I don’t accept the reality of the situation, how am I going to make things any better? I could have denied that I cannot see well. Kept on driving and killed someone. I could have kept on working and making mistakes. That would have hurt clients and destroyed my professional reputation. If I resisted the reality of having a vision loss, the problems would have persisted and gotten worse. At least this way I am taking steps, working with a professional to hopefully allow me to see better.

If I resisted the realty of a vision loss, the problems would have persisted and gotten worse.

I will revisit the concepts of Distress Tolerance as we go along. Right now let me get back to the original concept of this posting: I love people.

One of the BIG problems with AMD for me is not being able to see faces from a certain distance. I had an acquaintance tell me I had walked right past her and had not acknowledged her. It had me in tears because I truly do not want to offend people nor for people to think I am a snob.

I am discovering that having AMD visual impairment is a dilemma. My vision is good enough that I can navigate pretty well. I appear to be fully sighted….and blowing them off. I considered finding some way of identifying myself as partially sighted but I have not come up with any good ideas. Wearing a sign appears to be in bad taste and buying a white cane would be disrespectful of those who truly have serious vision loss. I thought about those black, black glasses but my sense of pride and my sense of style joined forces and rejected that idea in short order.

A BIG problem is not being able to see faces from a certain distance.

The idea I have chosen is simply to TELL people. I am a talker and this is a small town. Word travels at the speed of light. I have also swallowed my pride and have gotten into the habit of  – when necessary – identifying myself as visually impaired. Bitter pill to swallow because it means changing my entire self-identification and admitting the tough girl needs some help. However, it has gotten easier and it does work.  People are generally pretty kind.

I appear to be fully sighted. I have chosen to simply TELL people.

One of the Cs in ACCEPTS is comparison. The bitter pill of admitting to a visual handicap is a lot easier for me when I do a comparison. Do I want to withhold the information and look ditsy and stupid? After all, the information is probably posted right in front of my nose. Or is a visual handicap a better reason? Ditsy and stupid or visually impaired? You compare. You chose.

Taking from another DBT module, Interpersonal Effectiveness, I want to say something about how to ask for what you want and/or need. Social scientists have discovered that simply giving a reason, no matter how inane, will make people more likely to do something you would like. It could be as stupid as asking to move to the front of the line at the snack bar because you want a hot dog. Works better than you would ever believe.

The DBT skill Interpersonal Effectiveness says that you need to ask for what you want and/or need.

Written in February 2016. Reviewed September 2018.

Continue reading “Out To Lunch”

It Just Happens

Technicians are not supposed to tell you what they are seeing on your testing. But if you  are paying attention, you know. The banter gets less, the smiles are forced. You get told “good luck” as you leave the room. They don’t tell you but you know.

My ophthalmologist was somber. My retina photos from four months ago were up on the screen, my new ones were below them. What would have been a divot four months ago was now a crater on my retina. My macula looked as if it had been bombed. In my mind, it was catastrophic, sudden self-annihilation. My vision had gone from 20/50 to 20/125 in what I believed was two weeks time. This was my left eye. My right had lost ground but not as drastically. Just the same, for all intents and purposes I had become legally blind.

My macula looked as if it had been bombed. It appeared to be catastrophic, sudden self-annihilation. I was legally blind.

The obvious question was how the devil this could have happened. My ophthalmologist had seen it before, but only in the very old. He conceded I was too young for this to have happened but yet it did. He had no theories. Perhaps I should go back to Regillo. Maybe call the local agency for the blind.

He conceded I was too young for this to have happened but yet it did.

Not knowing why something has happened has never sat well with me. Here I was with questions and no answers and pretty much no way to get the answers. To use the Internet you pretty much have to be able to see.

I contacted a dear friend (who just happens to now be the editor of this website) and put her on the case. Findings were sparse at best. Some sources suggested maybe/perhaps high blood pressure had something to do with it. Most of the sources, however, had no theory at all. The general comment was it happens.

It just happens.

Written in February 2016. Updated September 2018.

Continue reading “It Just Happens”

Super Lab Rat

So now I am reasonably sure I have a shot at becoming a test subject. Never really believed one of my greatest ambitions in life was going to be to become a lab rat. However, I can assure you I had ambitions to be the best damn lab rat Wills Eye has ever seen. My visual gains will be extraordinary! I will become spokes-rat for the program and travel around the area doing the ‘rubber chicken’ circuit. I will be brilliant. (Did I happen to mention I have no problems generally with my self-esteem? Perhaps…can you spell megalomania?) I even designed my t-shirt. It includes a drawing of a cute little mascot that will, of course, represent the hospital for decades to come.

I will be the best damn lab rat Wills eye has ever seen! I’ll become spokes-rat for the program and travel around the area doing the ‘rubber chicken’ circuit.

I did continue my research. I wanted to know what exactly I was getting into. I’m not one for invasive procedures or even for a lot of ‘doctoring.’ However, assuring vision for myself in the future tended to trump all other considerations.

Although Regillo tended to gloss over some of the more gory and unpleasant details, I wanted to know. My source was the 2015 Lancet article on the Phase 1 experiment.

Let me go off on a tangent here for a moment. Until I got into this, I had no clue what happens in clinical trials. Short tutorial if I may: clinical trials are made up of four phases. The first phase is a safety and tolerability phase. Essentially, the researchers are looking to make sure that nothing serious goes wrong. They want to make sure that no one has an allergic reaction or grows stray body parts where they should not be growing.

In Phase 1 they want to make sure no one has an allergic reaction or grows stray body arts where they should not be growing.

After Phase 1, the efficacy experiment starts. They want to see how their treatment actually works. Does it do what they claim it will do? They also start messing around with different independent variables to see what works best. In the study I am trying to get into, for example, they are comparing different immunosuppressant drugs to see which one works best. In other Phase 2 experiments they compare slightly different operation procedures or any more of the dozen of different treatment variables. All Phase 1 studies use only a very small number of people, Phase 2 studies use many more.

In Phase 2 they want to see how their treatment actually works.

As I understand it, Phase 3 studies are essentially larger variations on Phase 2 studies. Techniques and procedures are refined and the subject pool is made up of hundreds or even thousands of people.

In Phase 3 they perfect the techniques and procedures on more people.

Phase 4 is sort of like an off-Broadway show or traveling company. Instead of just being administered by people at the experimental sites, the procedures are now made available to other professionals to try. Reports are made back to the original team. By this time, the subjects can number in the thousands. Once a procedure gets through Phase 4, it is ready for prime time. If good enough, it can become standard procedure around the globe.

In Phase 4 they make their procedures available to other professionals to try at other locations.

Written February 2016. Updated 2018.

Continue reading “Super Lab Rat”

The Man Behind The Curtain: The Wizard of Wills

For a rock star of retinas, Regillo, was not all that imposing. I finally got to see the man after multiple tests by multiple technicians. Towards the end of the gauntlet, I asked the girl if everyone went through so many tests. She confided in me that many people do not get as far as I got. That was certainly encouraging. My inner voice had been telling me I was on the right track. The stars seem to be aligned. However, this was the first outside confirmation that I had chosen a good path.

I had chosen a good path. The stars seem to be aligned.

When the good doctor came into the room, I was studying the scans of my left eye–not quite sure why, but he appeared to be amused. Perhaps this was highly unusual behavior in a patient with Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Regillo proceeded to challenge me to tell him what I saw. So I told him. The lower area was Bruch’s membrane. This membrane is the connection to the proverbial greater world. It brings nutrients to the RPEs and takes away the garbage. The level above that contained the RPEs. It also contained yellowish piles of eye poop more appropriately known as drusen. Level above that were the photoreceptors. The divot in the top was geographic atrophy and the reason I was there.I might have impressed him. After all, I am more than just an impaired eyeball.

I am more than just an impaired eyeball.

Strange, staccato, conversation followed. I told him I wanted to read the article on the phase 1 results when it came out. It was out and he gave me the citation. I told him I had every intention of being in phase 2. The conversation was a bit of a tennis match. At times we are even finishing each other sentences. I felt as if we were definitely on the same page.

Also, talking to the doctor I felt as if we were in a cat & mouse game and I was the mouse. He seemed overly interested. No, not that way, I felt like I was prey but in a professional, scientific way. It was like he had found a live one. After reading the phase 1 results that were published in Lancet last winter, I figured out why. The mean age of the cohort for the phase 1 study was 77 years of age. The team was planning on doing a 15 year longitudinal follow-up on the study. There was now no confusion in my head as to why Regillo was looking at me as if I were a live one. Hell, in 15 years, with subjects like that, I was going to be the only live one!

The mean age in the phase 1 study was 77 years of age. That means in the 15 years of the study, I was going to be the only live one!

Written February 2016. Reviewed September 2018.

Continue reading “The Man Behind The Curtain: The Wizard of Wills”

Where All Roads Lead

So, did I mention that I was told there is no cure? Those of you with wet macular degeneration can be given shots. They actually sound rather disgusting but seem to work. The purpose of the shots is to slow the growth of new veins. This will help reduce the bleeding in the eye.

Dry macular degeneration has no cure. That is, it has no cure yet. Having the personality I have, taking “no” for an answer or taking “I don’t know” for an answer is simply unacceptable. That was why I put so much effort over last summer into finding another way out of this mess.

I don’t take “no” or “I don’t know” for an answer.

Fourth of July, 2015 was a rainy, dismal affair. For some unknown reason I picked that miserable day to throw myself a pity party. I sat imagining what it would be like to be blind. I sat imagining what it would be like to be handicapped and pretty much alone. After about four hours of this, I got bored. Blind was not for me if it was going to be so damn boring. Consequently, I made a decision. I was not going to go blind and if I were to go blind, I would crash and burn in the most spectacular fashion you have ever seen.

If I were to go blind, I would crash and burn in the most spectacular fashion you have ever seen.

It was after this bit of epiphany I started to seek treatment in earnest. My ophthalmologist told me probably the best chance of a cure was in stem cell therapy. However, stem cell therapy on eyes was in its infancy. They had run so few people through the procedure there was no way of knowing for sure what was going to happen.

I was sure of one thing: Age-Related Macular Degeneration results in central blindness. There are no maybes. It will eventually happen. Enrolling in a study would give me a chance. The chance maybe only 1% but it was 1% more chance than I had doing nothing.

AMD results in blindness of the central vision. I was sure of this one thing.

Also, when you hit a certain age, some people like to leave a legacy. One of the developmental psychologists had a name for this stage in life but I don’t remember what it was [Editor’s note: Erik Eriksen] Essentially, this time in my life is one during which I should give back. I should lead those who are younger. I should contribute. This was going to be my chance. Great secondary gain. I wanted to save my damn sight.

I wanted to save my sight but I also wanted to lead those who were younger.

There are sometimes I believe the Universe—capital U–is showing me the way. I would look at eye drops and come back to stem cell research. I would look at oral medication and come back to stem cell research. I would look at laser treatments and, yep, come back to stem cell research. The writing in the stars was pretty obvious. I was going to get into that study one way or another.

The study I chose was a stem cell study replacing dead and worn out RPEs. This particular study is being done on both coasts. At UCLA medical center the lead researcher is Stephen Schwartz. The lead researcher on the East Coast is Carl Regillo.

The lead researcher for the stem cell therapy is in Philadelphia which is a day trip for me.

Never heard of him until I started doing my research. Then I realized the man is a rock star of retinas. Regillo has over 700 publications to his credit. He has been named to the best physicians in America list at least eight years running. But just about the best thing about Regillo? He is practically right in my own backyard! Regillo is a mover and shaker at Wills Eye Hospital in Philadelphia.  Philadelphia for me is a day trip. Even better, the good doctor has an office in Bethlehem, perhaps about 2 hours away. Yet better, I got an appointment within three weeks of asking and they took my insurance! So far, it does not get any better than this.

Carl Regillo is at Wills Eye Hospital in Philadelphia & has an office in Bethlehem, perhaps 2 hours away. And I got an appointment within 3 weeks of asking & they took my insurance. So far, it does not get any better than this.

Written in February 2016. Reviewed September 2018.

Continue reading “Where All Roads Lead”

Resources

June 2023 There’s an announcement that since Sue has not written any new journal pages for some time, the site has been archived until we can decide if the work necessary to make sure all information is accurate and up-to-date can be made. In the meantime, you’ll get some pages ‘not found’ or ‘private’ until that decision has been made. The emphasis for several years has been on the Facebook group.

2/14/2022 Because of the rapid and constant growth of our Facebook group, I cannot keep this list updated.  I have a large amount of information available in the Facebook group in Guides which are like chapters in a book or lessons in a course. Plus, in 3 years, the amount of information in the posts and comments is quite substantial. I recommend that you join us there where you can get the information and the support to help you in your journey.  Thanks for understanding. Hope to see you there! Lin/Linda…
I’ve added some pages from that group that might be of interest to you.

Frequently Asked Questions

Click here for the list of Frequently Asked Questions from our Facebook group.


AREDS2-based Supplements

There are several pages on the site that explain what AREDS2 means and who the AREDS2-based products are for. Click here to go to a list of articles.

AREDS2-based Supplements With 0 or 25mg of Zinc

Click here for the list.


Navigating

There are a lot of links here.  I’ve set up this page so that when you click on a link (words that are underlined & in blue or green), a NEW tab will open in your browser and this page STAYS WHERE IT IS.  When you are done with the new page you opened, just close it.  You do NOT need to use the back option.  If you click on a link and the new page replaces this one, I’VE MADE A MISTAKE so please let me know by sending me an email at light2sight5153@gmail.com.  Let me know exactly which link or links do not open a new tab or window.

Errors: If you click on a link and you get a ‘page not found’ error, please let me know by sending me an email at light2sight5153@gmail.com.  Let me know exactly which link or links do not open a new tab or window.

Additions: If you have a link you’d like to add, please email at light2sight5153@gmail.com.


Topics-click below to move to a topic

Links We Like

  • Click here for a GREAT resource where you answer some simple questions and you get a customized guide based on your responses
  • Click here for a great glossary
  • Click here for Low Vision Resources: A List of Lists (such as 8 ways to slow AMD, 15 tips for family and friends, etc)
  • Videos
    • Click here for several videos
    • Click here for the UK Macular Society’s Say Hello to Mac
    • Click here for one that uses illustrations and animation (explains how wet AMD progresses and how the injections work)
  • Click here for a description of dry vs. wet AMD (we are not recommending any products in this article)
  • Click here for an article about depression after diagnosis
  • Click here for a very comprehensive page about wet AMD
  • Click here for a very comprehensive page about dry AMD
  • Click here for a FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) that answers a long list of questions such as ‘will resting help my eyes?’, ‘Can I see for myself if my retina or macula shows any signs of damage before I have symptoms?’, ‘why don’t new eye glasses help?’, ‘what is meant by degeneration?’, ‘is a macular hole the same as macular degeneration’, ‘I have had dry MD for years. Does this mean I’m going to get wet MD too?’, ‘No one else in my family has MD. Why did I get it?’, ‘can drusen be treated?’, ‘I have changes on the Amsler Grid, does this mean I have MD’, ‘I have Wet MD but my Doctor says there is nothing he can do or no treatment available. Why is this?’
  • Click here for a short introduction to stems cells, what they are and how they can be used.

See what vision is like at the various stages of AMD

Click here to find ways to see simulations of what vision loss due to AMD is like at various stages.


Glossary

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Websites devoted to AMD and Other Forms of Macular Degeneration

listed in no particular order

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Websites containing information about AMD and Other Forms of Macular Degeneration

listed in no particular order

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Support

I’ve not been able to verify if these are kept up to date. Let me know if you find that they are not or if you have one  you’d like to add.

Message Boards including ones from
By postal mail

I don’t know if these are still accurate.

  • Association for Macular Diseases
    210 E. 64th Street
    New York, NY 10021
    (212) 605-3719
    – Offers education and information on macular disease through seminars, newsletters, and a hotline. Offers counseling to patients and their families.
  • Macular Degeneration International
    is now a part of Foundation Fighting Blindness
    Toll Free Helpline 1-800-683-5555
    EMail: MDInfo@blindness.org
    – Provides support for people affected by inherited macular degeneration including Stargardt’s disease.
Start Your Own
  • Vision Support Group-download video presentations  This group provides free information and support through presentations to groups of senior adults affected by macular degeneration and related retinal diseases.  You can join & get access to their materials so you can use them in your own group.
On the phone/telesupport

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Where to find services

  • In the US: click here to find a low vision center, retina specialist, state agency, ophthalmologist
  • In the UK: click here to support services (listed on the right side of the page) such as skills for seeing, counseling, access to treatment…and more
  • In the US: click here to search for a wide variety of services (more than the link above)
  • In Australia: click here to find an ophthalmologist and optometrist
  • Worldwide: click here for resources worldwide

Resources for Students

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Books and reading materials

Specific Titles

Sources of Books

Formats: Braille, large print, e-book and audiobooks

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Videos

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Personal stories of living with AMD

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Online newsletters

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What is AMD?

Wet Form
Dry Form
How fast does AMD progress?
  • A good article about how difficult this is to answer
  • Great video that explains why early detection is important especially when detecting the change from dry AMD to wet

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What is Stargardt’s Disease?

Also called Stargardt’s Disease (SD) or Stargardt Macular Dystrophy (SMD) or Juvenile Macular Degeneration (JMD), it’s an inherited, juvenile macular degeneration. The progressive vision loss associated with Stargardt disease is caused by the death of photoreceptor cells in the central portion of the retina called the macula.

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The Science Stuff

Role of RPEs

Geographic Atrophy

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Symptoms

Charles Bonnet Syndrome/Visual hallucinations

Other problems with vision & AMD

  • problems with visual acuity, photostress, blindspots, color vision, sensitivity to light, depth perception
  • eye problems that have similar symptoms as AMD:

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Risk factors

Age

  • Age is a large factor but can start earlier
  • Much less common are several hereditary forms of macular degeneration, which usually affect children or teenagers. Collectively, they are called Juvenile Macular Degeneration. They include Best’s Disease, Stargardt’s Disease, Sorsby’s Disease and some others.  See Stargard’s Disease section above.

Diet/nutrition (working on this section)

  • diet low in various nutrients & high in others have been linked to AMD.
  • See Nutrition and Vitamins/Supplements under Self-care/self-maintenance below.

Race

Gender

  • AMD more common in women perhaps because women live longer than men

Uncontrolled high blood pressure

Uncontrolled high cholesterol

Smoking

Blue Light

Eye Color

Aspirin & other medications

Other possible causes

  • Biological Process in Wet AMD – some evidence that the photoreceptors are starved by the lack of food (oxygen & nutrients in the blood) and the growth of blood vessels is to compensate for that.

Connection between AMD and Alzheimer’s Disease

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Treatments

  • FDA approved options in the US, injections, implantable telescopes, laser treatment (also outside the US)
Injections for Wet AMD
Telescopic implants
Are there new treatments in the pipeline?
Vitamins (see Self Maintenance/Self Care section below)

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Research/Clinical trials

 

How can I become a part of a clinical trial?

  • A list of sources of information about clinical trials and how to find out for you to participate in.
  • You can search for clinical trials from the links above
  • There are registries where you sign up and enter information about the status of your eyes.  Researchers will use this information to find people that match their research and contact you.  Click here for more information about these registries in the US and elsewhere

Gene Therapy

Bionic Eye/Retinal Implants

  • What is a bionic eye?  It’s also called retinal implant or retinal prosthesis.   Implant is put in retina, camera worn by person sends image to implant which stimulates optic nerve
  • Click here for overview of retinal implants including videos of how it works & interviews with people who have them.
  • March 21, 2016 UK Bionic eye being tested
  • Here’s an article about one being developed at Carnegie Mellon institute in Pittsburgh, PA.

Nutritional Supplements

  • See Vitamins/Supplements section below.

Stem Cells

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Coping with low vision

Low Vision Aids

Wearable Technology

  • coming soon!

Suppliers of low vision aids

Financial Help

Sunglasses

Lamps

Transportation

  • A website for the US where you enter your zip code and transportation options for your area will be shown.

Bioptic Driving

Depression

Checking vision

Amsler Grid

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Self maintenance/self care

Low vision rehabilitation

Vitamins/Supplements

Nutrition

Exercise/Activity

 


More to come, you can check out these posts now

Video: Overview of Assistive Technology for People with Low Vision

Highlight: How do I use Zoom for Apple products?

Highlight: What about Apple’s accessibility features?

News: Top 10 Low Vision Aids for AMD

 


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Home

Research

Not being one to be told there’s nothing I can do about something, I went back to my research. There seem to be a couple of different avenues of research. They were working on lasers to blast the drusen, aka piles of eye-poop but it looked to me like a hoarder intervention. Somebody comes in and cleans up the mess one time. Problem solved for now but not later. They would have a clean place to live but would eventually start to become messy again. The second thing I found looked more like the Merry Maids that were cleaning up regularly. However, it did not solve the problem of who is going to feed the Master photoreceptors? The third option was to essentially put the RPE Servants that were left on steroids. The live ones would work harder but would that not mean they wear out more quickly?

There’s research focused on cleaning up the ‘eye-poop’ called drusen.

There was one I liked, OCATA, originally known as Advanced Cell Therapy (ACT) , that was trying to replace RPEs. They were actually giving the little guys some help in order to save the Master photoreceptors. The way they were doing this was with stem cells.

There’s research using stem cells to replace the RPEs.

Although some people see stem cell research as cutting up dead babies, this is not the case. There are several lines of stem cells that have been derived from fertilized eggs that were never implanted. Some of these lines of stem cells are 20 years old. They have been massaged and manipulated so that there would never be the possibility that they could become functioning human beings. If they were not being used for research they would be flushed down the proverbial toilet.

Stem cells can be harvested from old fertilized eggs not dead babies.

The research that interested me–and still interests me–involves stem cells that have been developed specifically to become RPE cells. The theory is that replacing RPE cells with new ones and giving the little Servant guys some help will allow more photoreceptors to live and turn light into sight.

So where, pray tell, does one find someone to do this procedure? The problem is that this is very new research. It has worked on rats and other traditional lab animals (and you college psychology students, I am not speaking of sophomores). However, work on human subjects is just beginning. At the time of this writing, hospitals in Florida, Massachusetts, California and Pennsylvania as well as in foreign locales such as London and China have only completed phase 1 research. Phase 1 of any clinical study is the safety and tolerability portion. [Lin/Linda: it’s 2018 & some of these studies have advanced to the next phase or phases. The links before will give you current information]

Warning: there are doctors and clinics in the US that are offering costly stem cell treatments that have NOT been proven safe or effective through research.  Before you enter into any stem cell treatment, please do your homework!  Click here for an excellent article called Nine Things to Know About Stem Cell Treatments.

Click here for current research using stem cells for Macular Degeneration

Phase 1 results have been extremely promising. For those who are capable of using the web, there is a Lancet article by Schwartz and Regillo that summarizes the study. Essentially, they found the stem cells did not do anything strange or different when implanted in eyes. Preliminary data suggested that it was safe and tolerable. Even more exciting, they found positive therapeutic effects. A great number of the people who had volunteered and participated in the study showed cessation of deterioration and even improvement.

Phase 1 trials using stem cells is VERY promising.

So why not replace the photoreceptors as well as the RPEs? After all, when the RPEs die, the photoreceptors die. Would it not be reasonable to replace them both?

Unfortunately, medical science is not to this point as of yet. They have been successful in growing photoreceptors in the lab. They have been successful in implanting photoreceptors in the eyes of rats. The only problem is that these will not connect into the neural net. It’s sort of like having invented a cell phone without having a tower for it to work through. You can talk on your phone all day but the message goes nowhere.

They can grow photoreceptors in the lab, implanting them in rats but they won’t connect to the neural net.

That said, they are still working on it very diligently. Some of the literature suggests that it will be quite awhile. However, it will be coming.

If you are interested in seeing some of the studies that are being done on eyes and other medical research, I would invite you to go to the clinical trials website. It is a government website that lists all sorts of fascinating things. Many of them are looking for clients.

You will discover that there are dozens, if not more, of studies that are related to eyes. There are multiple studies related to Age-Related Macular Degeneration. So why would that be?

Someone, I am not remembering who at the moment, has launched the Audacious Goal Project. The Audacious Goal Project is aiming to eradicate blindness in the lifetime of some of you younger folks.

Click here to learn more about the Audacious Goal Challenge in Vision Research and Blindness.

Like the name says it is an audacious goal!

Why now?

And questioning again, why now? What is happening that vision is such a hot topic that we need a national program to deal with blindness?

The truth of the matter is, the pig through the population python is getting towards the end. We baby boomers from the 50s and the 60s have always presented challenges. We have always been very popular and our hot topics have been the topics of the nation. When I was a little girl, they were building elementary schools left and right. Then everything was sweet 16 and on through my lifespan. Right now, everything is security call buttons and retirement accounts. We drive the economy.

We baby boomers from the 50s and 60s have always presented challenges.

Because there are so many of us, our concerns are essential. One of our big concerns is vision. According to my research, AMD is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world. In the United States alone there are as many as 11 million people who have some form of AMD.  They are predicting there will be 22 million by 2050! 

This is going to be a massive drain on the country. When somebody suddenly realized what the numbers were going to look like, they decided they had better do something to ameliorate the problem. Thus, all the research.

Click here for more facts & figures from 2016

As many as 11 million people in the United States have some form of age-related macular degeneration. This number is expected to double to nearly 22 million by 2050.

Written in February 2016. Reviewed September 2018.

Continue reading “Research”