Category: Wet AMD

Cool Things

Greeting! I decided to stay home today. Too much to do. So instead of doing housework or work work I am working on a page.? Hey, makes sense to me!

I was doing a little web browsing and came upon the site for the “American Association of Ophthalmology. Protecting Sight. Empowering Lives”. Nice motto. Established 1896. Fairly old for ‘the colonies’.

I was looking through the sight site ? and discovered the pages from the annual meeting in New Orleans. There, in living color, was my doc! Carl Regillo was program co-director for the retina section. How about that?

Ever play Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon? It is a silly game based on the theory of six degrees of separation. The theory is anyone can get to anyone else in six moves or less through associations. I used to be able to get to the president in four moves. I was friends with the father of the secretary of the state department of agriculture. He knew the federal secretary of agriculture. The federal head knew the president. The president was my fourth jump. Done in four moves!

Anyway, started to think how many moves it would take to certain people through Regillo. He cuts it down considerably! But that is not my point…

My point is: they are doing some cool things in ophthalmology!

For example? Well, do you remember I said it would not be long before they are using gene therapy with AMD? Boy, was I behind the curve! Things in that field are happening now!

The AAO stuff was in abstract form and pretty scientific. Allow me to go to the popular press and get my info? If I sit down and try to analyze the other stuff, that is all I will get done today!

BrightFocus and WebRN both ran pages on gene therapy for macular degeneration. The BrightFocus article highlighted a gene therapy called Retinostat. Retinostat is for wet AMD. It sounds as if the inserted gene programs the cells in the eye to produce anti-VEGF. Sort of like refitting a factory to produce a different product.

Retinostat is nct01678872 at clinicaltrials.gov. What is listed is a phase 1 study (safety and tolerability) and they are recruiting by invitation only.

The second wet AMD gene therapy possibility mentioned in BrightFocus is AAV-sFLT. This is also supposed to block VEGF. This study is nct01024998. It is active but not recruiting. That is also phase 1. At the end of the first year, gene alterations from AAV-sFLT were still blocking the production of VEGF. Bottom line may be fewer or even no shots!

And, as for usual, wet AMD advances seem to happen first and our third potential gene therapy is also for ‘youse guys’. Specifically it is REGENXBIO’s RGX-314. The number is nct03066258. It is phase 1 – once again – safety and tolerability and absolutely no promises. They are recruiting. Santa Barbara, Baltimore, Boston, Philadelphia, Memphis and Houston.

So, yes. There is progress there in gene therapy for wet AMD, too. Gene therapy is in its infancy and some people object. It is up to you to decide for yourself if you believe manipulating the very code that makes up who we are is moral or are we playing God. Not my call. If you are alright with it, they could have it for you in a few years. Good luck!

Written January 28th, 2018

Continue reading “Cool Things”

UPDATED: Are there eye drops instead of injections to treat wet AMD?

The short answer to that question: not yet.  There is a major problem in developing eye drops for AMD.  One article states it as “Ophthalmic drugs have traditionally been administered topically, which in general provides therapeutic levels to the anterior (front) chamber of the eye but not to the posterior (back) segment. Therefore, topical administration of drugs has been largely infeasible for posterior segment diseases such as AMD and diabetic macular oedema.  In contrast, intravitreous injection [for wet AMD] provides direct delivery to the posterior segment and allows therapeutic levels to be attained.”

Here are the studies so far (there is other research that I’m not including that is currently only being done with animals).  Keep in mind that there are four phases to clinical trials.  Click here for more information about clinical trials.

  • PAN-90806/Panoptica: topical Lucentis
    • clinicaltrials.gov Phase I completed
    • “A phase I/II trial of the next generation of the formulation is set to begin in the first and second quarters of 2017.” Click here for an article.
  • OHR-102 (originally “Squalamine”): squalamine has been shown to interrupt and reverse the process of angiogenesis; used in conjunction with Lucentis injections, goal is to reduce number of injections or eliminate them.
    • clinical trials phase III not recruiting subjects,  completed in mid-2019.
    • click here for an article.
    • Temporary suspension of clinical trial phase 2, not due to safety issues.  Going forward with phase III.  “Effectiveness: Unfortunately, Squalamine Eye Drops failed to decrease the average number of Lucentis injections required by the study participants. This was the primary goal of the clinical trial and the result was disappointing, both to researchers and to people with wet AMD, who were hoping that Squalamine Eye Drops could possibly reduce, or even eliminate, the need for eye injections.”
  • CPP: cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) can be used to deliver therapeutically relevant doses of ranibizumab (Lucentis) and bevacizumab (Avastin)
    • University of Birmingham, England
    • click here for an article.
    • “This is exciting for both patients and practitioners,” said Dr. Jayanth Sridhar, assistant professor of clinical ophthalmology at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. “But this was a preliminary study in animal eyes only. Further research must be undertaken in human subjects first to establish safety, and then to establish effectiveness. Still, this study offers at least a glimmer of hope that in the coming years we may see a topical drop option emerge to supplement or replace injections.”
  • OC-118: “solubilizing nanoparticle” technology
    • Article Jan. 6. 2018 says “This technology, the company hopes, can boost the drug’s ability to reach the front and the back of the eye — something that previous drugs haven’t achieved unless delivered via needle to the eye.” It is currently being looked at to treat Diabetic Macular Edema (DME). I couldn’t find anything to confirm or deny that it could be used to treat AMD.

Updated & verified 1/8/2018

I Tried My Best

I was raised to be responsible. I am responsible. I go to work and the job gets done. I have done the job between bouts of vomiting, with fevers and with migraines.

I am responsible but I am not crazy.

OK. Maybe the word is not crazy. However, I am definitely not one for not using good judgment or not looking at the big picture. Now, this is especially true when it comes to my vision.

I was at a professional gathering on Friday. One person there asked me about the circumstances of my sight loss. This person had an eye bleed that had started on Tuesday! That is three, count them, three! days. I advised an immediate trip to an emergency room. I told this person his sight could be very much at risk but was told in turn he had other, important obligations to attend to and he would, essentially, get around to it later.

I tried one more time and was again rebuffed. Are we truly our brother’s keeper? I wanted to call 911 and get this person to the hospital. That would not have been appreciated, but would he have appreciated my efforts if I had saved his sight? If he gets to a doctor sometime next week and gets told he has done irreparable damage to his vision will he appreciate I tried? Will he wish he had listened?

I assume our readers have more common sense, but since assuming can make an ‘ass of u and me’, I am going to spell it out. Never, as in NEVER, ignore an eye bleed. Mary Lowth wrote about vitreous hemorrhages for Patient. She stated vitreous hemorrhages are one of the most common causes of sudden, painless vision loss. Vision can be totally obscured by blood in the vitreous. Even if nothing serious is wrong that caused the bleed to begin with, you can be left with floaters. Not to mention blood is cleared from the vitreous at the rate of only 1% a day. That is over three months of impaired vision!

There is a whole list of things that can be horribly wrong to cause bleeding in the eye. Because I have dry AMD and have been warned about the potential of developing wet AMD, a bleed due to neovascularization was the first thing I thought about. There is also diabetic retinopathy and posterior vitreous detachment. PVD can be associated with a tear in the retina. None of these are problems to take lightly. [Lin/Linda: if you ever see what looks like a curtain drawing over your visual field or part of your visual field is obstructed, that IS an emergency which requires IMMEDIATE attention because it can mean that you do have a retinal tear. Most PVDs are accompanied by lots of floaters & sometimes flashes of light that are more noticeable at night (that’s the vitreous tugging at the retina. If in doubt, call your doctor.]

Lowth stated “retinal detachment must be excluded urgently”. In other words, should you have a bleed, run, don’t walk to the doctor and make sure your retina is still where it is supposed to be. Waiting three days is not an option.

Some of you are also sadly aware that bleeding can cause scarring and even more significant vision loss. Bleeds should be diagnosed and controlled as quickly as possible.

So, there you have it, some people believe they have more important things to do. They believe satisfying responsibilities is more important than taking care of their eye health. These people are wrong. If you even think you have an eye bleed, get to your doctor.

As for this person yesterday, I tried my best. Matthew 10:14 [“And if anyone will not receive you or listen to your words, shake off the dust from your feet when you leave that house or town.”]

written December 3rd, 2017 Continue reading “I Tried My Best”

Three Types of Wet AMD

Well, the kitchen floor is now mopped. Took a deep breath and went back into the housekeeping fray after that last page. How do people get motivated for that sort of thing every day?

With a nod to our ‘wet’ readers, I am going to tackle an article on how to image different types of neovascularization. Not sure I am going to get very far because I never even ‘knew’ there were different types of choroidal neovascularization.

First off, to the article talking about imaging retinal angiomatous proliferation. Huh? Back to EyeWiki.

Choroidal neovascularization starts in the choroid. It erodes through the RPEs and results in chorioretinal anastomosis. Anastomosis? Lovely. Anastomosis is the connection of two vessels that were not previously connected. Sort of like a shunt. Got it? Good; moving on.

Retinal angiomatous proliferation is a process that happens ‘backwards’. It starts in the retina and progresses into the subretinal areas. It eventually connects the retina and choroid by forming an anastomosis. That is a connection where there is not supposed to be one. See previous paragraph.

Retinal angiogenesis proliferation has been called type 3 neovascularization. This begs the question: what are types 1 and 2? Type 3 is rare with 10% to 20% of people with wet AMD having this type of disease. This may be a good thing because the article lists all sorts of complications that are common in type 3 but rare in the other two types.

So now I have to do a little more digging and find neovascularization types 1 and 2. Back to EyeWiki where I discovered this: In type 1 the new veins are below the RPE layer. In type 2 the neovascularization passes through the RPE layer and compromises the neurosensory retina. That means it gets far enough to directly mess with the photoreceptors. Type 1 is hidden and type 2 is classic.

As far as treatment is concerned, ResearchGate.net (7/15) suggests type 1 can be treatment resistant. My guess – please note this is a guess – would be this is because type 1 is ‘buried’ in lower regions of the eye and anti-VEGF may have a harder time getting to it. That buried nature of type 1 – and another article – makes me think what we are talking about here is the occult type. Saw that classification before. Just needed to make the connection. Dawn does occasionally breaks over Marblehead.

Anyway, anti-VEGF treatments are still first choice although I am starting to see references to photodynamic therapy (“cold laser”) and even surgery. Maybe we should look into that, too.

Type 2 is the classic type. My reading suggests ‘shots’ are the treatment of choice there.

And as far as type 3 is concerned, it appears that in spite of the complications reported, type 3 can be treated rather successfully. Anti-VEGF injections do the trick, sometimes even on the first try.

So there you are the three types of wet AMD. Learn something new everyday.

written October 24th, 2017 Continue reading “Three Types of Wet AMD”

Maybe They Have Something

Good afternoon! It was a busy morning. My husband had to take the car for service so he dropped me off at the hospital for a shoulder x-ray and routine blood work. My shoulder pain is little better.

You would think I could just continue with up dogs, down dogs, planks, side planks and all those other yoga moves with no negative effects, but nooooo, my shoulder is really sore. It might have something to do with my not being as young as I used to be, but I doubt it.?

Then I walked down to get a haircut and Pizza Hut buffet lunch. Picked up by hubby. Grocery store. This year’s photos to the camera store for display. Home.

I have cleaning to do. I have a report to write. Oh, well. I have an OBLIGATION to our website!

At the end of last year Lin did a page on topical treatment for wet AMD. That means eye drops instead of shots. One of the ones she talked about was Squalamine. At that time Squalamine had failed to satisfy the efficacy standard laid out and the trials had been terminated.

Squalamine had failed to reduce the number of shots needed to keep crazy, blood vessel growth at bay. However, there were some secondary goals that were reached. According to the January 29, 2017 VisionAware, there were positive effects on acuity. This was especially true in people with a specific type of lesion. 31% of the people with ‘classic’ wet AMD lesions gained 11 letters on the chart!

According to healio.com a classic lesion in wet AMD has well-demarcated hyperfluorescence in the early part of the test and progressive leakage later on. It is not to be confused with occult or combined lesions.

Ohl Pharmaceuticals decided in February, 2017 to take the 200 people already enrolled and start in on phase 3 trials. In April Ohl announced it was amending the timelines of the study so there could be results late this year or early 2018. They also amended their goal to be an increase in visual acuity as opposed to a reduction in shots needed.

Now, I am wandering into the area of unsubstantiated speculation here, so don’t take what I say as gospel. OK ? OK. The April 10th press release alluded to the research being funded until early 2018. To quote: “Following the close of financing today we are funded until 2018 including completion of our ongoing clinical trial and data readout by the end of 2017 or early 2018.” Now if that were me and I were getting positive results, I would want to show off those results quickly and improve investments and other funding. If I had squat, I would stall and plead for just a little more time and MONEY.

In other words, I think they have something.

Another reason I think they have something? The press release said they were working with the patients who had “the greatest potential to benefit from Squalamine combined therapy”. In other words, they stacked the deck. (In my opinion, of course.)

Anticipating they rock the phase 3 study AND the FDA gives approval to ‘go live’ in a reasonable amount of time, a combination Squalamine/Lucentis treatment could be available in 2018. Cool. We are on our way.

Written October 9th, 2017 Continue reading “Maybe They Have Something”

Lots of Mayo

One of the best things about the end of Summer here is vine-ripened tomatoes. Our plants did not do well this year but I do take handouts.? I have been being given tomatoes for the last two weeks.

Now, I don’t know about you, but I think vine-ripened tomatoes are truly wonderful on BLTs. With mayo. Lots of mayo. I have been eating BLTs for the last two weeks. With lots of mayo; that is. [Lin/Linda: BLT = bacon, lettuce and tomato sandwich’ mayo = mayonnaise.]

Bacon and mayo mean fat. And what did Lin send me today but an article on fats and AMD. What?!? Do they have a camera in this house? Last time this happened I was going to stand in the sun all day at Briggs Blues Fest. “Sunburn correlates with AMD.”

Now, they are after my BLTs? (With mayo!) Is nothing sacred?

Joan Miller – I actually know a Joan Miller and I bet a lot of you do, too. Just all different ones – is at it again up there in Massachusetts. She is apparently the expert on eyes and fat. Dr. Miller is the person who was experimenting with statins to try to lower risk of AMD. In fact, she co-authored another paper on AMD, fats and statins just this past May. I am printing it off now as we ‘speak’. It is, however, 26 pages of text so don’t expect a quick turnaround time.

What is causing the latest ripple is some very preliminary work Miller is doing on blood testing. The Macular Society ran an article on blood biomarkers for (wet? Not finding that in the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Hospital press release) AMD. Apparently they found 87 fatty proteins, lipids, that were in much higher quantities in the blood of people with AMD. With early warning, different interventions may be used to slow down the progression of the disease.

Which interventions? Dunno, but by the time the Massachusetts study is replicated a few times, we may have something to fight fat in your eyes. Lowering the fat in your eyes means less fatty, ‘eye poop’ (aka drusen) to get between your RPEs and Bruch’s Membrane. That means fewer starving retina cells sending out “Feed me!” signals. Since the “Feed me!” signals are actually the VEG-F, vascular endothelial growth factor, a signaling protein of the body, if we get into the process and interrupt it before the VEG-F (read: “Feed me, Seymour!” signaling) is released, we will not need anything to rid our eyes of the protein. No anti-VEG-F required.  [Lin/Linda: The quotes “Feed me!” and “Feed me, Seymour!” are references from Little Shop of Horrors that she used in a previous page.]

In short: no fat = no drusen = no starving retinas = no ”Feed me!” aka VEG-F signal = no anti-VEG-F shots.

Just to quickly jump across to Europe, I want to mention a lot of the preliminary work for this study was done by a Dutch team headed by Eveline Kersten. Dr. Kersten did a pretty exhaustive literature review of all of the compounds found in fluids from AMD patients. Her literature review gave other researchers an idea of what compounds they should look for in the blood of AMD patients and non-AMD patients to do comparisons. Everyone builds on what others have done. We are in this together.

That is it for now. One other battlefront has been opened. The enemy for this one is fatty eyes. [Lin/Linda: notice that Sue didn’t say anything about giving up her BLTs with “lots of mayo”.  ::grin::]

written September 15th, 2017 Continue reading “Lots of Mayo”

“Feed Me!”

We are having another dreary day. These days always manage to give me that napsy feeling. They also make me want to eat! Ugh.

I do much better when life is fast-paced and I am forced to follow along. If you want something done, ask the busy person.

So maybe if I want to get something done, I should force myself to be busy??? A bit of perverse logic there. Oh well….

I spent a few minutes today looking for new information on lampalizumab. There was nothing except business articles talking about the billions of US dollars Hoffman-LaRoche had been counting on before the phase 3 study failed to show a significant effect for the drug. I guess we need to wait for the research report to actually find out what went wrong. Everything out there now is all doom and gloom and speculation about what will happen to Hoffman-LaRoche stock.

I believe we talked about phase 3 of experiments like this. Phase 3 is a larger “proof of concept” phase. CenterWatch says 70 to 90% of drugs pass phase 3. Apparently most of the work is done in phases 1 and 2. With a statistic like that, now I am REALLY curious to find out what went wrong.

But, never fear, unlike Hoffman-LaRoche, we have not put all of our proverbial eggs in one basket! The article I was referring to in the page Recent Advances in AMD goes on to list quite a few different lines of research. In addition to research into anti-inflammatory therapies they are also experimenting with protective factors for the retina. Then add to those the experimental therapies that inhibit the visual cycle.

No, I am not exactly sure what that is either. My impression is it involves slowing the metabolism of the retina to cut down on drusen aka ‘eye poop’. Less eye poop to get between Bruch’s Membrane and the RPEs, the longer you will have usable vision. Sort of sounds like the low fiber dog food they marketed years ago. Low fiber was supposed to equal fewer ‘landmines’ in the yard. I don’t think that was good for puppies and I am not sure if slowing eye metabolism is good for eyes, but they are the experts so who knows?

Based on the theory neovascularization is caused by under-oxygenated, under-fed retinal cells screaming “Feed me!” like Audrey 2 in Little Shop of Horrors, they are also trying to increase the supplies to the choroid before the retinal ‘natives’ get restless.

MC-1101/MacuCLEAR is a vasodilator that has come through phase 1 testing and is ready for phase 2. That is a topical. They have tried several, other vasodilators with no or mixed results. One of the other ones they have tested is Viagra. However, Viagra did not help eyes at all! Sorry about that. (There goes that excuse for getting the script!?)

Of course, the last course of investigation mentioned is stem cells. I think this may be where I came in. And I know it is where I am going out right now! Chat at ya later!

written September 10th, 2017 Continue reading ““Feed Me!””

Research: Dry & Wet AMD

Hello! I am going to get to the article Lin found on BrightFocus Foundation’s website about ‘lamp stuff’ aka lampalizumab but first I wanted to quickly mention a Google Talk by Isaac Lidsky. The title is Eyes Wide Open.

Lidsky began losing his sight to retinitis pigmentosa when he was 13 years of age. Although he has been totally blind for many years, Isaac Lidsky is extremely accomplished and has developed a philosophy that includes all sorts of concepts such as being present in the moment, doing what works and not abdicating responsibility for your life to your personal heroes and villains. His half an hour Google Talk may make some people rethink their attitudes towards their sight losses.

While I don’t expect many people to feel ‘lucky’ they are going blind – and Lidsky does consider his blindness to have been a blessing – Lidsky’s perspective on things can be thought provoking.

OK, onward to ‘lamp stuff’. We have quoted Joshua Dunaief before. One of the most helpful things he does for me in the current article is give us a pronunciation guide for lampalizumab. It is lamp-uh-liz-you-mab. Sort of like “Lamp!…uh, Liz, you mad/b?” You know, what you say when you knock over Elizabeth’s favorite light.

We have gone over the study results already in these pages. Complement factor I variant folks got kickin’ results. The rest of us, not so much. A reason for genetic testing for us before we submit to needles in the eyes, literally!

Dunaief says results are expected in 2018. Yep, December is their target date for publication. He does not mention phase 3 is over this December as is indicated in clinicaltrials.gov.

So, basically, still not really sure what is happening with ‘lamp stuff’ and me. May be offered it in December. May not be. May accept the offer. May not. I would love to know my genotype as compared to the SNPs they found in the experimental sample. Being a responder would be incredible. Being a nonresponder would be very bad. Dilemma.

And information for our ‘wet’ friends for my last 200 words. In JAMA Ophthalmology Jackson, Boyer and Brown reported the results of an experiment with an ORALLY administered vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor. In other words, they have been experimenting with a pill they hope would do the same thing as your anti-VEGF shots.

The stuff is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It caused a lot of upset tummies and diarrhea (5 and 6 subjects out of 35 respectively) but the side effects were not bad enough to stop the experiment. Some people did stop because of liver problems. Those with liver issues would probably not be candidates for the treatment.

Only 40% of the total required rescue shots. Even those people received fewer injections than they had without the pills.

Before you all rush out for your X-82 pills, bear in mind this was a phase 1 experiment. That is safety and tolerability, guys. They are moving on to proof of concept, phase 2, with a bigger n. (n being the number of subjects in the study, remember). Check clinicaltrials.gov if you are interested.

Remember we all do our part in this fight. If you have a strong liver and a strong stomach, X-82 might be your kind of research. You might get to be a lab rat before I do!

written September 2nd, 2017

Continue reading “Research: Dry & Wet AMD”

This and That

Hey, guys! No idea what I am going to write about. I will just start and see what comes out. I have an hour to kill before going to teach class.

Told you I renewed my driver’s license yesterday. That was sort of stressful. I tried to do everything ‘right’ so I did not end up ‘outing’ myself. I would not want to try to pass as fully sighted everyday. I guess the truth really does set you free!

Remember: I don’t drive. My stubbornness and vanity are not worth someone’s life. I just needed to feel like a ‘big girl’.

After that I went and made a physical therapy appointment. I need to bring this shoulder back to health. Right now it is cramping my style worse than the eyes. The eyes don’t hurt! The shoulder does. I thought I was being good, but it still aches. Try trying to be active but not using one arm. Grrrrrrrrrr……

After kayaking on Sunday (yes, I know I have a bum shoulder. It reminds me hourly), I went to the phone store and got a new cell phone. Two and a half hours later and I was out of there. In that time I had to go potty at least once. If the process went on for another half an hour I was going to ask them to order take out!

Anyway, the point is this: phone store people are very helpful. They will spend the time with you. I still have a lot of stuff to do on the phone but Ron, the phone store guy, gave me his number and he promised to walk me through it all. As soon as I figure out some of what the hey I am doing on this phone, I want to load the augmented reality app and see how it works as a magnifier.

If your phone is slightly older, like mine was, it might behoove you to invest in a new one. On the new one, Ron turned the magnification up all the way. If I do the three taps thing after that, letters can be ¾ of an inch high. The easier to see, my dears.

Three taps thing? Yep. It is possible on Android phones to tap the screen three times in quick succession and everything magnifies. Three times again and it goes back down. No one may have showed you that little trick. The younger generation believe tech knowledge is innate, not learned. They think we should know.

And now news some of you can actually use, they are finding more evidence that we may be better off doing genetic testing before we start drug therapy. PubMed recently ran an article citing research that the risk allele of the Y402H polymorphism in the CFH gene is related to less favorable outcomes when using bevacizumab (Avastin) or ranibizumab (Lucentis). (Quiz: What does -zumab as a suffix tell us? Answer: humanized antibody. I learned something!) The ‘in English’ version of that is this: if you have a certain variation on the complement factor H gene, your response to those drugs will be less than you expected when it comes to wet AMD control. If you are not getting desired outcomes with either bevacizumab or ranibizumab, you might suggest your doctor try another drug instead. It appears that, in some cases, if one of those drugs doesn’t work well, the other one won’t work well either.

Well, I guess I should stop prattling here. Need to get ready to go again. Type at you later!

written July 12th, 2017

Continue reading “This and That”

Eyes Open, Mouth Closed

TGIF! In real time, welcome to the weekend!

In the interest of fair and unbiased reporting, I am once again writing about wet AMD…..well, actually I am writing about intravitreal injections, a topic many more of us are going to be interested in very soon. Although there seem to be PLENTY of you wet folks getting the shots already. Did you know intravitreal injections are the most commonly performed medical procedure in the US? According to a 2015 Review of Ophthalmology article, Updated Guidelines for Intravitreal Injections, the numbers are twice what they are for cataract surgery. That makes sense considering people only ever have two cataract operations as opposed to perhaps 24 or more injections in a year alone. No matter the logic behind the numbers, though, that is still a lot of trips to the doctor.

Anyway, when shots first started in 2004, there was a ‘best practices’ paper written. That paper was revisited in 2014.

One thing I noticed? You chatty people should stop trying to engage the doctors and nurses in conversation! That was suggested back in 2004 and has been supported in more recent literature.

Why, you may ask. Do you remember when your parents told you not to bite (or get bit!) because the human mouth is filthy? They were right. Mouths are ridiculously germy.

Healio reported a strict ‘no talk’ policy during injections causes substantial difference. Chatty doctors had seven cases of infection due to oral pathogens. Doctors who did not talk had two. Granted, these numbers were over a total of over 47,000 injections, but do you want to be the one with a raging eye infection? (That answer should be ‘no’.)

And if you asked to have a companion for ‘moral support’ and got told no? Infection was probably the reason. Doctors can control whether they speak or not, but they have no control over people you bring with you. They are not being cruel. Leave the motor mouth in the car.

Other things in the best practices paper were equally common sense. Use adequate antibiotics and anesthesia. Monitor intraocular pressure. Wash your hands! The whole idea is to reduce discomfort and reduce infection, not necessarily in that order.

Pretty much, the lesson is: avoid infection. Make sure you have a nice, clean face and hands when you get there. Understand why you cannot have people with you. Be quiet and allow the medical staff to be silent as well. Although the paper said masks and sterile drapes are optional, if you want them, you have the right to request them.

Once again, the goal is to keep you comfortable and – more importantly! – keep you from having eye infections. Stay healthy! In the end, the responsibility is on you. Speak up about concerns. If they won’t cooperate, look for other resources. Continue reading “Eyes Open, Mouth Closed”

A Dozen Years of Progress

Here I am again, trying to offer a balanced look at AMD. Rumor has it the wet folks are wondering when they will get consistent coverage of their issues. Dunno.

When are we getting someone with wet AMD to write for us? You write. We publish. Until then, I can throw a few pages together, but my problem is dry. I cannot even begin to speak to the subject as well as someone with wet could. Consider it.

Found an article from BrightFocus Foundation. Title: How Effective are Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatment? At the risk of sounding like a broken record, I like how the author points out there were very few treatments a scant 12 years ago. As the baby boomers we continue to drive many, many things in the world. Pig through the python; yes? We are now losing our vision and unless something is done, we are going to break the bank with our care needs. People respond to numbers, large numbers.

Which brings me to, did you know there are something like 200,000 new cases of CNV (wet AMD) every year in the United States alone? That is from CATT at 2 years: the facts.

I got to the CATT study because the BrightFocus article (above) referred to it. It is a 2010 study that seems to remain pertinent today. It was mentioned with ANCHOR, MARINA and HORIZON. These are all efficacy studies for your ‘shots’.

In the ANCHOR and MARINA studies Lucentis was proven to improve vision several lines on the chart. This was in the short term. The HORIZON and CATT studies were longer term and in these some gains were lost.

The VIEW trials suggested Eylea every eight weeks is superior to Lucentis every four weeks. However, more study is needed.

Avastin is a cancer drug. Injected into the body, it inhibits growth of new blood vessels in tumors. It tries to starve those, nasty things. Off-label use of Avastin for CNV has shown similar efficacy to Lucentis.

A big selling point for Avastin is cost. The article suggests it is $50 a shot. The others are thirty to forty times that much! Insurance problems? Talk to your retinologist about Avastin.

The BrightFocus article ends with good news. Did I mention I like this guy’s attitude? He reported a more recent CATT finding was 50% of patients retained 20/40 vision in the treated eye five years after the start of anti-VEGF treatments. Only 20% had 20/200 or worse! What do you think of those apples?

Again, these gains are in little more than a decade. How can you doubt more great things are coming and coming fast?

OK. How’d I do?

written July 1st, 2017

Continue reading “A Dozen Years of Progress”

Blast From the Past

And now, you have been asking for it, I present WET AMD!

Not that I have any first hand experience with the stuff nor do I wish to but I found an article on the history of treatment and thought I should share it. Feel free to chime in.

Preview of coming attractions…or a review depending upon how fast Lin gets her AMD timeline done…the first treatment for wet AMD was laser coagulation in 1979. That folks was less than 40 years ago. That would have been when some of your parents were dealing with AMD and vision loss. Before lasers? Nada. Again, this is not your parents’ AMD.

Since zapping little, tiny bleeders was not an exact science (remember, this was before Blaster Master and other now classic video games. Few people were that skilled), there were some misses. That’s when they came up with Visudyne, a drug that helped to ‘light up’ the target. A specially designed laser activated the Visudyne which selectively destroyed the bleeders. Better but still not great.

The article, Macular Degeneration Treatment from AMDF, went on to talk about 3 problems with laser treatment of CNV bleeders. First, because bleeders may have been too large or poorly delineated, only about 10 to 15% of them could be treated with lasers. Second, there was a 50% chance the leak would reoccur in two years and third, 50% of the treated patients still had subfoveal leakage. Also mentioned was the possibility of technicians with bad aims and further, inflicted damage.

Anti-VEGF is put into use in 2004. We land a Rover on Mars. Lord of the Rings is best picture and Harold Shipman is found hanged in his cell in Manchester, UK. Remember 2004? That was not that long ago! 2004 seems like yesterday, but since then, 13 short years ago, in some parts of the world, Anti-VEGF has reduced the rate of legal blindness by 50%. Wow!

Of course nothing is perfect. Vascular function in the rest of the body has been a worry for some. However, stroke data has been inconclusive. There have been cases of eye infections, increased eye pressure, retinal detachment and floaters.

Not sure where we will be going from here with wet AMD. Some of the work being done on dry AMD will head off both cases of wet and GA. Recall wet and GA are both advanced stages of the disease. New delivery systems are being developed and researchers are kicking around phrases like platelet-derived growth factors, receptor antagonists and immunomodulatory therapy whatever they are. It is a brave new world and we are getting to be part of it. [Click here for the most recent review of research for both dry and wet AMD.]

There you have it: my attempt at fair and unbiased reporting. I will try to do some more about wet AMD but, frankly, the effort may not last. We really need someone to cover this ‘beat’. Any takers? Continue reading “Blast From the Past”

Timeline Part 1: Advances in Treatment & Care for People with Macular Degeneration

It’s Lin/Linda.  I created this page to go with Sue’s page Not Your Parents’ AMD.  Like some of you, I had a loved one with AMD.  It was my father who was diagnosed with AMD in 2005 at the age of 82.  At the time, I was living 700 miles away and I did not know much about the disease or at what stage he was diagnosed.  He progressed to geographic atrophy (GA), that much I knew.  He was the sole caregiver for my mother who had Alzheimer’s Disease.  He continued to drive (not safely), take care of her and the house.  He was never referred to vision rehabilitation or offered any help other than being told to use handheld magnifiers.

I wondered how things have changed since then which led me to do this timeline review.  Not only have there been advances in the medical end of the field but also in the technology that is allowing people to remain independent for as long as possible.  That is if a person learns how to use the various devices and apps available.

I’ve based the categories of time on an article Age-Related Macular Degeneration
1969 –2004: A 35-Year Personal Perspective by Stuart L. Fine, MD published in 2005.  He says “In 1969, patients with AMD constituted a small part of a typical ophthalmic practice. From 1969 to 2004, the prevalence of AMD has increased, and the methods of evaluation and treatment have changed dramatically.”

I know I have missed many events that have been critical to the history of the treatment & care of AMD.  There is SO much information out there and I’ve tried to use the most significant dates I could find.  Have a suggestion of what to include? Did I get a date wrong? Let me know in a comment or send me an email at light2sight5153@gmail.com.

1st Era: 1969–1979
  • Emergence of fluorescein fundus photography: test used in diagnosis of retinal diseases
  • Development of ‘hot’ (high power) laser photocoagulation, first treatment for wet AMD
  • Relationship of drusen to age-related macular degeneration
  • Other developments:
    • 1976-1977 first personal computers affordable for home use
    • more low vision aids:
      • 1960s large print books became available
      • 1976 large print calculators became available
      • 1969-1970 CCTV (closed caption TV) for reading aid
2nd Era: 1980–1994
  • Clinical trials to evaluate new treatments, especially laser photocoagulation (1979-1994)
  • Development of risk factor data from large and small epidemiologic studies (epidemology is looking for patterns & causes)
  • mid-1980s term ‘senile macular degeneration’ becomes ‘age-related macular degeneration’
  • Other developments:
    • 1982 Vitreous Society was founded; 1983 first meeting attended by 44 retinal specialists
    • 1991 OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) test used in diagnosis of retinal diseases
    • mid 1980s name changed from ‘senile macular degeneration’ to ‘age-related macular degeneration’
    • 1992 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
    • 1983 first cell phones
    • 1991 World Wide Web for ‘surfing’ the Internet with easy-to-use browsers
    • low vision aids:
      • MaxiAids catalog of aids for orders from people with low vision & other impairments
    • technology/low vision aids:
      • 1982 DragonSystems founded Dragon NaturallySpeaking, speech to text
      • 1988 ZoomText was released which is software to magnify text on a computer screen
3rd Era: 1995–2003
  • Evaluation of radiation therapy for neovascular AMD, not proven to be effective
  • Assessment of pharmacologic interventions for neovascular AMD; Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) “cold” (low power laser) with Visudyne (first drug treatment;  2001)
  • Prevention trials: results AREDS released 2001
  • Other developments:
    • 1995 Amazon sells books online (1998 expands beyond just books; e-books 2000)
    • 1996 Google released
    • 1998 first e-book reader The Rocket
    • 2000 GPS available for civilians; 2001 personal navigation systems available like Garmin and TomTom
    • 2000 Microsoft & Amazon sell e-books
4th Era: 2004 – 2017
  • Completion of ongoing trials for neovascular AMD: FDA approval: Macugen 2004; Avastin 2004; Lucentis 2006; Eylea 2011
  • Earlier identification of eyes at risk: regular use of OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) and other diagnostic tests
  • Prevention trials: results AREDS2 released 2013
  • Increased number of retinal specialists: eg, American Association of Retinal Specialists (ASRS), formerly Vitreous Society (see 1982 above), has 2700 members representing 60 countries.
  • Other developments:
    • 2011 First baby boomers turn 65
    • 2004 Facebook
    • 2013 first ‘bionic eye’ retinal implant, Argus II approved by FDA
    • technology:
      • 2007 Amazon Kindle e-reader; iPhone & Apple IOS
      • 2008 Android 1.0 & Android phone
      • 2010 Apple iPad
    • technology/low vision aids:
      • 2005 Apple VoiceOver for Mac users
      • 2009 VoiceOver added to iPhone IOS
      • 2010 FDA approved implantable telescope
      • smart glasses/wearable technology
      • 2014 KNFB Reader app for Apple & Android; 2017 for Windows 10
    • ongoing research areas:

Not Your Parents’ AMD

3 pm Monday and so far it is a good day. The pool guy is working on my new liner. The funny thingee on my tummy is a normal, benign growth and the transportation company got new vans with fancy logos painted on them. No more confusion with two dozen, white vans. Life is looking up!

Lin told me there was a conversation thread in the Facebook group about parents who struggled with AMD. People remember what their mothers and fathers went through and they are determined not to become like them.

I am reasonably sure my father’s vision problems were AMD. The more I think about it his father’s vision problems may have been AMD. I remember both of them using a handheld lens to read the newspaper as well as the really strange interpretations Daddy would have when it came to TV shows. I have no idea what HE was watching but it was not the same thing I was watching!

I have said it a couple of dozen times and I will say it again: this is the best time in the history of the human race to be losing our sight. Absolutely the best. You may not realize it. You may remember what you saw and think we are doomed to go there too but we are not. We really are not.

I tried a handheld magnifier for a couple of weeks. Not doing that again. They are very inefficient. I have my CCTV, my handheld reader and my iPad which can go in the Justand.

[Lin:Linda: To see what Sue uses on a daily basis, check out these pages: A Day in the Life and A Day in the Life:Work Day.]

I can get newspapers on my phone and books from BARD (there are other sources, too, as well as magazines which are available).  I’m able to take a picture of pretty much any text I want and my KNFB Reader will read it to me. The zoom feature on my iPad will allow me to read email and research pretty efficiently. ZoomText allows me to work. (refer to the “Day in the Life” pages above)

If I want to look at something a little distance away I can use my max TV glasses or my monocular. Not too bad.

Depending upon when Lin publishes this page, you either have or will be hearing about audio description services (coming soon!). If my father had had those for the TV we would have been “on the same page” a lot more than we were when we watched programs together. Audio description can also allow you to go to the movies and live theater and actually know what is going on.

Do I want to be losing my sight? Hell, no! This is not a walk in the park but it is not what Daddy endured either. Just the same he made it into his mid 80s and managed to take care of himself until other issues brought him down. If he could do it without all of the toys, I can do it.  [Lin/Linda: My dad had geographic atrophy & took care of my mother who had Alzheimer’s using several different handheld magnifiers & a few other low vision aids.]

Yet another reason to be optimistic is all of the exciting research happening. We are poised for a veritable explosion of treatments. Not cures, mind you, but treatments. Thirty years ago there was nothing.

[Lin/Linda: To see what’s in the research pipeline, click here.]

What can you do? Be willing. Use what has been provided. If you put that iPad your son gave you in the drawer you have absolutely no grounds for complains. Bluntly put? Your extra suffering will be your own damn fault.

What else? Volunteer. Sign up for clinical trials. Join support groups. Share your knowledge and skills.

Life – and this vision loss bit included – is the craziest thing you will ever experience and none of us get out alive. Make the most of it while you can.

Continue reading “Not Your Parents’ AMD”

Hodge Podge

This may end up as another chatty, hodge podge affair. There is really nothing major happening and in the world of progressive eye disease nothing major happening is a good thing!

So, actually, I guess that is my first offering here. Those of you who have recently received your diagnosis or have had a crisis and are really distressed – it is not all drama and disease focus for the rest of your life.

You adjust and other things take center stage. That is not only normal but it is a good thing.

Second offering is something I picked up last month at the support group. When I said dry AMD is the base disease, they looked at me as if I had three heads. What I meant – and what they had not gleaned. Why won’t people do their research! Or minimally ask questions? – is that even though the shots have stopped the neovascularization, the growth of new blood vessel that lead to a bleed, you still have the underlying cause of the problem. The cause is regular, old, dry AMD.

This is why, even though you think the stuff we publish on dry AMD does not relate to you, it does.

Wet AMD is one type of end stage AMD and geographic atrophy is the other. Stopping the bleeding does not eliminate the underlying disease. It just eliminates the symptom.

Which brought me to another thought. I have never seen anything that says if an eye prevented from going wet will go to geographic atrophy. Hmmmmm…..

Nuts! More to worry about. Kaszubski et al in Geographic Atrophy and Choroidal Neovascularization in the Same Eye: A Review stated there are people who can have both forms at the same time. Geographic Atrophy generally happens first. (That part is bad news for me although I am under the impression that for me there is very little left to ‘save’ by building new blood vessels.)

To follow the question posed above, though, they also say there is some evidence anti-VEGF shots can increase the chances of GA development.

While that is bad news for you getting the shots it does NOT mean to stop your shots. No shot and you will bleed. Bleeds lead to scarring and certain vision loss now. GA is slow and lead to vision loss later. Given a choice, battle the bleeds and worry about the atrophy later.

End of lecture.

Other than that, in real time Memorial Day approaches and I am thinking summer. Although I know there is ‘no rushing city hall’ (to paraphrase another old chestnut), I started looking up Astellas and Robert Lanza again. Just to see what the dear boy is up to. I have been hoping to get to Philly and the clinical trials this summer. It would be perfect timing for me but I am not sure about the Astellas Institute of Regenerative Medicine (AIRM). They will need to give Wills the go ahead to start one of ‘my’ clinical trials before anything happens for me.

Astellas is gearing up for something, though. Something big. A couple of years back they bought OCATA for $379 million. Now they are on a hiring binge and are looking for a bigger location in or near Marlborough, Mass.

In the business articles I read Lanza purposely hyped the work they are doing on AMD. I am assuming that is still their big thrust. (That is even though AIRM is in a variety of areas of regenerative medicine and Lanza himself is intellectually all over the place, including developing a theory of the Universe!)

Anyway, seeing this big a build-up with lots of business chatter tells me something is going to happen. Just hope it is in the trial I have volunteered for. My eyes and I are not getting any younger! Continue reading “Hodge Podge”

A Stuffed Black Dog

I am practicing my DBT skills on myself today. Today was the day I was supposed to get a new pool liner. Supposed to being the operative words.

I have spent several years trying to extend the life of the old liner with gorilla tape! That one was always a bit of a debacle. I picked an installer at random – and did not find out he had been driven out of business three times before that until I was having problems. (Note to self: research tradesmen!) When hurricane Ivan came along and pushed up the bottom of my pool, I was not able to get a lick of help from that guy. My pool bottom had lumps with wrinkles radiating in all directions. I was dreaming about GIANT spiders living in the pool!?

But that is not why I am practicing my DBT. Today was supposed to be sunny and 80 °F. It is 56 and raining. My pool is drained and there will be no new liner for a week. Frustrated, but it is what it is. No controlling the weather.

Also, why ruin right now thinking about the swamp smells that might (face it, probably will) be coming off the pool until we get the new liner in? My fussing won’t make it smell like roses!

One of our readers/member of our Facebook group recently sent some comments about her first injection for wet AMD. When I read what she had written, I realized in some ways she had practiced DBT! Other ways she needed a little reminder to do so.

The reminder first: the days before her first injection our reader spent a lot of time worrying and fussing. After she had her shot she was sort of upset with herself because it had not been as bad as she had envisioned. She had wasted a lot of time being in a tizzy about it all!

Yep. My pool may not stink as much as I believe it will. The only way to find out is wait and see…and don’t waste time and energy worrying about it.

Reality dictated our reader had to have her shot. Otherwise there would be bigger problems. Reality says I am going to have a swamp in my backyard. No avoiding it. Might as well accept it will happen.

Both our reader and I know what caused our respective messes. She has ‘bad’ genes and my pool guy got a bum weather report. But even knowing what happened, the causes are not under our control. No sense fussing or saying it should not be happening. Better to practice ACCEPTS and get through it. [Lin/Linda: Click here for one of Sue’s pages on ACCEPTS.]

And you know what I loved? Our reader practiced a self-soothing skill through touch! She took a stuffed animal (a stuffed black dog) with her to help her through.

Another DBT skill she used (whether she knew it or not!) was effectiveness. That stuffed animal may not have been a ‘proper’ thing for a grown woman to have, but who cares? It did its job and helped our reader through. Remember effectiveness is all about doing what the situation calls for even if custom (or snobbery!) says it should not be done that way. [Lin/Linda: Click here for one of Sue’s pages on effectiveness.]

So, thanks to our reader for letting me use her comments in a teachable moment. As for me, no sense sitting around waiting for the pool to stink. I am off to Walmart. Continue reading “A Stuffed Black Dog”

Hindsight is 20/20

Good evening! How are you all?

Lin has noticed I seem to have written soooo many pages they are overwhelming and confusing some people. She feels this is particularly true for some of the newbies who probably feel like they have walked in on the (boring and confusing) middle of a movie. [Lin/Linda: to be clear, those are Sue’s words! ::grin::]

Understood. Some of you are back in the shock and doom phrase and I am talking about getting newspapers on your phones and other trivial matters. Who wants to hear about that sort of thing while your world is unraveling?

In the interest of pointing you towards something that might actually be helpful, Lin is republishing some earlier pages for your attention and discussion. And I – always helpful – am going to add to the confusion by writing another page!?

This page will have a catchy title thanks to Lin, but right now I am going to call it “What I know now that I wish I had known a year and a half ago”.

First, you are not going everything black and dark blind.

It is not good but neither is it quite that bad. You are losing central vision. Things will not be good for anywhere from about 15 to 60 degrees of arc. Since normal visual fields are 170 or so degrees of arc, you have the potential to lose about a third of your vision. Not anything to cheer about but better than 100%.

You may not be doomed to progress to end stage AMD.

About 15% of patients become ‘wet’. About 15% progress to geographic atrophy. That means you – starting out with drusen and a diagnosis of early AMD – have a 85% chance of dodging the proverbial bullet for end stage AMD. You may very well not get as bad as I am and a year and a half after my second eye went to hell, I am still functional. [Lin/Linda: a person can have both wet AMD and geographic atrophy in the same eye.  I don’t what that does to the %, if anything.]

You did not cause this.

Yes, AMD is caused but it was not caused by anything you did or did not do. The causes are in your genes. This is a heritable disease. There are dozens if not hundreds of genes that are being investigated to try to figure out how AMD is created. It appears AMD may just be the result of a genetic ‘perfect storm’ and there is no one to blame.

There may come a time you are seeing things.

I saw some odd stuff when my brain was working overtime to assign meaning to the faulty images my eyes were sending it. You are not psychotic (I hope you are not psychotic). This is Charles Bonnet Syndrome. When your brain gives up trying to assign meaning to false signals you will stop seeing weird ‘stuff’. In the meantime, enjoy the fantasy.

Point number last: There is an amazing amount of hope for treatment and eventually a cure for AMD.

Research is going on everyday. New discoveries are announced with regularity. The medical community is hot on the trail of something that will arrest the progression and may even reverse this disease. All we have to do is hold on.

OK. Those were my biggie when I first lost my second eye. What are you worried about? Please share and we can discuss it. Continue reading “Hindsight is 20/20”

Always Learning More and More

Moving right along with the article I am reading (in Webvision’s Age-Related Macular Degeneration), I am finding a lot of new vocabulary and abbreviations. Have you heard of PEDs, for example? PEDs are not nylon footies. They are pigment epithelial detachments. They happen when a bunch of drusen join forces and push up the RPE layer of your eye. Since the RPEs are under the retina and need to be in contact with Bruch’s membrane in order to take care of the photoreceptors, having them jacked up is not a good thing.

There is more and more information suggesting Bruch’s membrane is not totally blameless in this whole debacle. I am not going to pretend to understand it but there is evidence structural and biochemical differences in Bruch’s membrane occur in those with AMD but not in people who do not have the disorder. It may not be all the fault of the RPEs.

Recently I have been seeing the terms classic, predominantly classic and occult to describe different forms of wet AMD. They are mentioned in the article I am reading but not well defined.

According to the American Macular Degeneration Foundation the terms classic, predominantly classic and occult describe the choroidal neovascularization (read “formation of new blood vessels in an inner layer of your eyeball”) that happens in wet AMD. Classic choroidal neovasculazation is characterized by well-defined boundaries. Average visual acuity is between 20/ 250 and 20/400.

Occult CNV sounds like it should be scary but it is actually the more benign. Occult lesions are not as well-defined as classic ones. They tend to leak less and average visual acuity is between 20/80 and 20/200. If given a choice, I would take this one!

Predominantly classic is, as it sounds, a mixed type. The other designation for this type is minimal classic.

According to Joachim Wachtin in Classical Choroid Neovascularization CNVs can also be classified by where they can be found in relation to the fovea. Some of them are directly under the fovea and are called subfoveal. Those that are extremely close to the fovea are called juxtafoveal and the ones that are farther away are called extrafoveal.

Like I said, lots of new vocabulary coming our way! But I do believe that, when in a strange land, you should always learn a few basic phrases. These are some basic phrases in the land of wet AMD.

My article takes a serious detour into science babble and I truly don’t understand much. Glaze over time! That means I am going to stop sharing info from it.

Hope these scraps of information fit into your ‘puzzle’ somehow. One of these days we will have gathered enough pieces of knowledge to actually figure out what the picture is!

In the meantime, keep on learning. In the famous words of Schoolhouse Rock, “….because knowledge is power!” Gather knowledge. Be powerful. Continue reading “Always Learning More and More”

Always Learning More

Hey, there! I think I have found a good article on macular degeneration, our favorite but somewhat distasteful topic. The article is in Webvision and is entitled Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Another catchy title. The main author is Hageman.

Did you know the name up until around 1990 was ‘senile macular degeneration’? Makes it sound like our eyes have lost some of their mental faculties. Glad that was changed!

Also discovered the fovea is the center of the macula. It contains the highest concentration of cone photoreceptors and is the only region of the retina that can attain 20/20 vision.

I think when my optometrist said I had such an abrupt vision loss because the deterioration had reached the center of my macula she was talking about the loss of my fovea. That means 20/20 vision is no longer possible for me. Even if I use prisms or eventually get that eye max mono thingee, things will not be ‘perfect’. [Lin/Linda: she means the EyeMax Mono lens implant.]

This article says macular vision is 10% of vision! Estimates of degrees of arc of potential loss seem to be getting better, but don’t get too excited. Remember we are talking my interpretation of things I read. It is guess-work. I know nothing.

Although I used to think hard drusen sound more ominous than soft ones, it is actually the other way around. Hard drusen are smaller and soft ones are larger. If they are looking in your eyes and mention soft drusen, you have more of a problem than if they see hard drusen.

I thought that all dry AMD would progress to GA (geographic atrophy) if the person lived that long. This article says only 10 to 15% of dry AMD patients progress rapidly enough to ‘achieve’ GA. Interesting.

That means my visual state is something many of you will not have to experience. That is a good thing! And FYI? I am functional so you can remain functional as well.

For you ‘wet’ folks, the article once again cautions you to stay on top of things and get your shots. Left to its own devices wet AMD progresses to a cicatrical stage. Cicatrix is a fancy word related to scars and scarring. Disciform scars occur when fibrous tissues develop in Bruch’s membrane between the RPEs and the retina. Scarring is, needless to say, not good and can result in severe vision loss. Bottom line for this paragraph is: do not allow bleeds to happen to you!

Closing in on my 500 words and I still have pages to read in this article. I think I will close this page, read some more and start another.

And FYI, I emailed by doctor. And – while he also believes the increased density/opacity of my blind spot is related to expected disease progression – I am going in for a vision screen in two days. Perceivable changes in your vision? I expect you to call, too. Check it out.

written April 25th, 2017

Continue reading “Always Learning More”

I Promise

Greetings! Beautiful day. Sunny but cold. 37 degrees Fahrenheit. My friend who is ever concerned about my welfare knew my husband had pumped up my bike tires and thought today would be perfect for me to join her in a bike ride. Yes, I want to ride, but it is 37 degrees! Whoa.

New washer came bright and early this morning. I am actually very glad to be able to get some laundry done. Classic example of not appreciating something until it is no longer there.

Which brings me to our vision and a problem I heard about the other week. At least one member has retinal scarring. If one person has it, I suspect others do as well. I tried to look it up online and there was surprisingly little. Everything I found turned me around to macular puckers and holes. They are obviously all related, but what I was looking for was scarring in particular. If you find any good info, please share. Maybe write a page?.

According to WiseGeek, retinal scarring is exactly that, scar tissue on and under the retina. Small scars are not that big a deal. Our wonderful brains just sort of erase them. However, big ones make problems by giving us visual distortions and loss.

What types of distortions? According to WiseGeek the Amsler Grid may curve and/or parts of it may pull out of position. Reading can be just about impossible for people with large retinal scars.

Cause of retinal scarring can be pretty much anything that causes the retina to become inflamed. That would include injury, illness and wet AMD. Repeated inflammation leads to the potential of bigger scars and more vision loss.  [Lin/Linda here: I found an article that says “People can develop retinal scarring from severe myopia, ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, and wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Scarring results from inflammation, caused by irritation of the retina. Severe occurrences  can cause swelling of the retina, wrinkling of the surface tissue, or even retinal detachment.” The article also talks about research into a compound that may prevent scarring in the first place.]

You hear the cautionary note there? For you folks with wet, very few things are more important than keeping up with your treatments and preventing irritation to your retinas.

Repeat after me: “I promise I will get my treatments in a timely fashion. So help me God.” Now spit in your hand and virtually shake….yuck. Who came up with that spit in your hand business? Obviously knew nothing about viruses and bacteria.

Treatments for retinal scarring appear to be limited at this time, of course. Because the available treatments are invasive, often the first ‘treatment’ is watch and wait. Other treatments are vitrectomy and something called a membrane peel.

We talked about vitrectomies in the past. In that procedure the gel like substance in your eye is drained. That substance, the vitreous, has string-like things in it that can adhere to the macula and tug. These ‘tugs’ create puckers, holes and scars.

Epiretinal membrane peeling is described in an article by Hampton Roy. The title is, aptly, Epiretinal Membrane Treatment Management. My interpretation is that in a peel, the surgeon teases off the upper layer of the retina. Maybe like trying to take off just one cell layer of an onion? Roy goes into explanations on a few different types of peels. My assumption is their assumption is the scar will be mostly in the top layer and can be removed this way.

So now you know everything I think I know about retinal scarring and its treatment. Remember, I am not a doctor and you should assume I know nothing when it comes to pretty much anything. The great majority of what I think I know has come off the web. Always check with your doctor. Continue reading “I Promise”

Do As I Say

Happy Saturday! Welcome to Presidents’ Day weekend! (In real-time, of course.)

I had a nice, long conversation with a representative of the International Macular and Retinal Foundation (IMRF) last evening. (Based in Maine. With a name like that you would think London, Paris, Zurich.) They came upon this website and liked it! (Flattery may not get you everywhere with me, but….OK, so I’m an attention junkie; OK??) Thank you IMRF.

The IMRF publishes self-monitoring tools under the name KeepSight. They sent me a cute, little booklet with basic AMD information, puzzles and different monitoring grids. They are free. IMRF is hoping to spread them around to not only us AMD types but also to doctors’ offices and other places people at risk may congregate. What they are trying to do is stop the progress of dry to wet before severe damage is done.

OK. Let’s stop here for a second. Don’t freak out. According to Bright Focus, only 15% or so of us with dry progress to wet. Lin just wrote a piece on the two types of advanced AMD. They are wet and GA, geographic atrophy. The second one is me; remember? I just got moved to appointments every six months because with my level of macula loss through GA, my chances of changing to wet are slim. Thank God. The more severe damage is done in wet.

Anyway, in the interest of full disclosure – in other words, I can’t lie to save my life so I stopped trying! – I admit I am not big on self-monitoring. My chances of progressing to wet are slim and I am, by nature, a bit of a rebel. However, that is not going to keep me from pulling the old “do as I say, not as I do!” trick on you.

Most of you have a fair amount of macula left and are in the earlier stages of the disease. Do you know you are not going to be part of the 15% that goes wet? I sure don’t. Which means you should self-monitor your vision.

Mayo Clinic gives the following symptoms for wet AMD and an eye bleed:

  • Unusual distortions – that means the wiggles and things with the tops cut off and moved over
  • Reduced central vision
  • Decreased intensity and brightness of colors
  • A well-defined blurry or blind spot in your visual field
  • A general haziness of vision
  • And the important one: Abrupt onset and rapid worsening of symptoms.

In geographic atrophy my macula has been slowly deteriorating. The two times I had a rapid decline in vision scared the daylights out of me and sent me off to the retinologist the same day. If you have a rapid decrease in vision, you should do the same.

The KeepSight booklet has some nice grids and examples of what a problem may look like. If you can’t get a hold of one of their booklets, at least print off a copy of the Amsler Grid and tack it on the fridge. Then use it! Remember, do as I say, not as I do! Continue reading “Do As I Say”

Highlight: Here’s a GREAT website especially for those with wet AMD

Lin/Linda here: Every once in a while I find a website and/or Facebook page that stands out.  Here’s one of those.

The website and Facebook page are called The Science of AMD: Our vision is to save your vision.  It is presented by the Amgiogenesis Foundation. Their headquarters are in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Click here to go to the website. From there, you can connect to Facebook, Twitter or YouTube using icons in the upper right corner.

What is angiogenesis? From the website: “Angiogenesis is the process used by the body to grow blood vessels. In healthy adults, normal angiogenesis occurs in healing wounds and reproduction, but in all other situations, it is abnormal.”

It’s what causes wet AMD: “Wet AMD is caused by abnormal angiogenesis, when new vessels grow under the macula, disrupting the central region of the retina. These new blood vessels bleed and leak fluid, causing the macula to bulge or lift up from its normally flat position, impairing central vision. If left untreated, scar tissue can form, and central vision is irreversibly lost.” 

What’s so special about the website?
  • From a design standpoint, you can change the size of the font and the color of the font & background, you can choose a version of the site in any of 7 languages as depicted by flags, it’s easy to navigate.
  • Format of content includes printed text, videos, audio, graphics, PDF files and more.
  • This is not just for the US, there are resources available for other countries as well.
What information can I find there?

There’s a menu with Learn, Treat, Resources, Connect, About, Donate.  I suggest you start at Learn!   The emphasis is on how angiogenesis causes wet AMD and what can be done to treat it.

OK, now go and explore! Let me know what you think!

Our Guest Authors: Their Stories

Facebook Pages & Groups & Blogs by members of our Facebook group.

We have a growing list of Facebook group member-created and member-maintained blogs, Facebook pages and groups. If you have one you’d like added to the list, please let me know.

2019 Our Cub Reporter: Notes from an Awareness Program by Joann Davis

2018 Our Cub Reporter: Notes from an Awareness Program by Joann Davis

Surprise and Hope by Cliff Tiedemann

Tales from the Wet Side: Part 5 Not Afraid

Why I’m not afraid to be blind by Jennifer Poole

Please don’t get me wrong, I am going to do everything in my power to overcome Macular Degeneration. I think losing my vision would be one of the worst things to happen to me. I need my eyes for all the things I like to do, and the things that I’m good at doing. And like so many of us, I simply must continue to see the faces of my loved ones. I must. However, if I ever become visually impaired enough to be legally blind, I am not afraid.

I have several excellent role models to teach me that life doesn’t end with disability. When it comes to blindness, I look to my Grandpa. At 10 years old, young Peter was hanging out with his friends in a field near a construction site for a new factory. They came upon a metal box, shaped like a suitcase with a big lock on the front. Dying of curiosity, first one boy, then another tried without success to open the box. They started taking it in turns to throw it against the concrete to bust it open. When it was Peter’s turn, the dynamite that was stored inside exploded, completely damaging one eye and blinding him in the other eye. He could only see shades of light and dark in his one remaining eye.

My Grandpa used to take my brother and me down to the grocery store to buy food for my Grandma, who was usually cooking. We crossed the street, entered the store and did business there, without ever considering that he couldn’t see.  As a small child, I felt confident that a capable adult was with us, and would keep us safe crossing roads and greeting people as we went by. He would spend time with us in the garden, teaching us how to know that the cucumbers were ripe and ready for picking, and that fresh dill is one of the best smells on the planet. He taught us about baseball, which he listened to on summer nights on the radio. And like a magic trick, he could pull money out of his pocket to give us, never really understanding the tricks he used to differentiate the bills and coins.

My Grandpa had a full life, a wife, a job, a home and three daughters. He struggled more than the average person, I can see that now that I am an adult myself. He knew me by voice and often caressed my face. To us, he was never ‘not able’, and he loved us as much as a grandfather ever could. I pray that I never need to face that hardship, and I pray everyone affected by macular degeneration can reap the benefits of treatments and cures in the future.

But if I do go blind, I will not be afraid. I will live. I will live like he did.

Continue reading “Tales from the Wet Side: Part 5 Not Afraid”

Tales from the Wet Side: Part 4 The Future’s So Bright

The Future’s So Bright I Gotta Wear Shades by Jennifer Poole
The title is a one-hit-wonder by a band called Timbuk3 in 1986. The songwriter claimed it was written with a grim intent, having to wear shades to protect from the effects of nuclear radiation after war. Since I love to sing and co-opt songs for my own purposes, I’m wearing my shades to shield myself from a bright future of treatments for macular diseases of all kinds. Plus – wearing sunglasses is important retinal protection.

After recently discussing my treatment options and future with my retinal specialist, he agreed to make some changes to the frequency of treatments, to hold the fluid leakage at bay. Afterward, he spoke to me intently to make these encouraging points:

  1. My response to Lucentis is very good, and my visual acuity is still good with glasses, so he isn’t concerned with my progress to date.
  2. He very clearly stated that the current treatment options for wet MD are about to change, within years. He talked directly about new medicines that are more effective or combinations that work more effectively together. And the development of slow-release mechanisms where treatment can be given at long intervals, like a year, and drug exposure is constant through that time. This is coming soon!!
  3. Other research going on, (very vague and I’m assuming he’s referring to stem cells or other unconventional treatments) is very active and the options in the next many years is going to change a lot.

My message to everyone in this group is – Don’t give up! Have hope! The future holds as much magic (science actually) as it did 15 years ago when Wet MD meant blindness, period.

Continue reading “Tales from the Wet Side: Part 4 The Future’s So Bright”

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